Tetrazolium reduction as an indicator of environmental stress in lichens and isolated bionts

Bačkor, Martin; Fahselt, Dianne

doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2004.03.007

Cited by 41 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…During desiccation, F v /F m values decreased slowly for SD algae, reaching 83.6% and 63.1% of the control after 24 and 48 h, respectively. These data agree with the results of metabolic activity tests based on the oxidation of triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride (Bačkor and Fahselt 2005), which indicated a cell viability of 95% after 1 h of SD and about 50% after 48 h. Following RD the decay of F v /F m was faster during the first hours of desiccation, falling to 39.3% of the control value after 24 h, and to 35% after 48 h (Fig. 2a).…”

Section: Influence Of the Drying Rate And Desiccation On Fluorescencesupporting

confidence: 92%

“…In this assay, 1 U of SOD is defined as the amount required to inhibit the photoreduction of nitroblue tetrazolium by 10% (Bačkor et al 2003). Viability of algal cells was assessed via the oxidation of triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride according to Bačkor and Fahselt (2005). The ascorbate content of leaves was measured by the enzymatic method of Luwe et al (1993).…”

Section: Other Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dehydration rate and time of desiccation affect recovery of the lichenic algae Trebouxia erici: alternative and classical protective mechanisms

Gasulla

Nova

Esteban

et al. 2009

Planta

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The mechanisms involved in desiccation tolerance of lichens and their photobionts are still poorly understood. To better understand these mechanisms we have studied dehydration rate and desiccation time in Trebouxia, the most abundant chlorophytic photobiont in lichen. Our findings indicate that the drying rate has a profound effect on the recovery of photosynthetic activity of algae after rehydration, greater than the effects of desiccation duration. The basal fluorescence (F'(o)) values in desiccated algae were significantly higher after rapid dehydration, than after slow dehydration, suggesting higher levels of light energy dissipation in slow-dried algae. Higher values of PSII electron transport were recovered after rehydration of slow-dried Trebouxia erici compared to rapid-dried algae. The main component of non-photochemical quenching after slow dehydration was energy dependent (q (E)), whereas after fast dehydration it was photoinhibition (q (I)). Although q (E) seems to play a role during desiccation recovery, no significant variations were detected in the xanthophyll cycle components. Desiccation did not affect PSI functionality. Classical antioxidant activities like superoxide dismutase or peroxidase decreased during desiccation and early recovery. Dehydrins were detected in the lichen-forming algae T. erici and were constitutively expressed. There is probably a minimal period required to develop strategies which will facilitate transition to the desiccated state in this algae. In this process, the xanthophyll cycle and classical antioxidant mechanisms play a very limited role, if any. However, our results indicate that there is an alternative mechanism of light energy dissipation during desiccation, where activation is dependent on a sufficiently slow dehydration rate.

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Section: Influence Of the Drying Rate And Desiccation On Fluorescencesupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Other Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dehydration rate and time of desiccation affect recovery of the lichenic algae Trebouxia erici: alternative and classical protective mechanisms

Gasulla

Nova

Esteban

et al. 2009

Planta

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“…Lichen viability (dehydrogenase activity) (toxic effect) An easily measured indication of metabolic activity or viability in lichens is the ability to reduce 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) to triphenyl formazan (TPF) (Bačkor and Fahselt 2005). About 15 mg of lichen thalli was added to 2 mL of 0.6 % TTC in 0.05 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) containing 0.005 % Triton X-100 in sterilized 15-mL conical centrifuge tubes.…”

Section: Integrity Of Cell Membranes (General Indicator Of Stress)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biomarkers can be effective in tracing the exposure to some categories of stressors (Cuny et al 2002), but most of them are physiological parameters whose positive or negative variation can be apportioned between exposure to contaminants and changes in ecological limiting factors. To improve their effectiveness in evaluating air quality, their response to anthropogenic substances has been tested in laboratory trials (Bačkor and Fahselt 2005;Munzi et al 2009) and in field monitoring. The transplantation technique has been adopted to improve the ability of lichens to detect perturbations in field studies on account of the high number of experimental designs it makes possible, often involving comparison of eco-physiological values measured in the monitoring area with those recorded in the origin area of the transplants (Frati et al 2006;Tretiach et al 2007;Gonzalez et al 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial variation of eco-physiological parameters in the lichen Pseudevernia furfuracea transplanted in an area surrounding a cement plant (S Italy)

Lucadamo

Corapi

Paoli

et al. 2015

Environ Monit Assess

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Thalli of the lichen Pseudevernia furfuracea were transplanted for 3 months (November 2010-January 2011) at 61 monitoring sites around a cement plant near Castrovillari (Calabria, southern Italy). NH3, NO x and SO2 concentrations were monitored monthly in a subarea of 10 sites (SA10) where the cement plant was located. At the end of the exposure period, the integrity of cell membranes; membrane lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TBARS level); vitality (cell respiration); chlorophyll a; chlorophyll b; carotenoids; phaeophytization quotient; photosynthetic efficiency and thalli concentrations of Al, Ca, Mg, V and Fe were measured. NO x concentrations correlated with the site distance from the cement plant while NH3 concentrations correlated with lichen vitality within SA10. For the monitoring area as a whole, only Fe and Mg concentrations correlated with membrane lipid peroxidation, while TBARS levels showed a significant increase and chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids a significant decrease with respect to the lichen origin area. Multivariate analysis (detrended correspondence analysis, cluster analysis and multi-response permutation procedure) of the eco-physiological parameters × monitoring sites data set resulted in four clusters termed C1, C2, C3 and C4. The eco-physiological parameters were compared among the four clusters and lichen origin area by one-way ANOVA. An index of environmental favourableness (IEF) to lichens was calculated to evaluate the spatial recovery of impaired values of TBARS, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, xanthophylls + carotenoids and phaeophytization quotient. The results indicate that there is no clear spatial trend in mycobiont impairment even though the IEF values suggest a higher number of sites with low levels of membrane lipid peroxidation in the 2--3-km distance band from the cement plant (the outermost) than in the two other distance bands (0-1 and 1-2 km). The photobiont seems to be damaged mainly in the inner distance band of the study area as suggested by the gradual but significant recovery trend of pigment levels and phaeophytization quotient from the inner distance band to the outer one (as shown by the IEF values). Conversion of chlorophyll to phaeophytin probably is not the only process affecting pigment levels.

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“…Thalli (15 mg) were incubated at 25 °C in the dark with 0.005% Triton X-100 phosphate buffer and 0.6% 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC), a mitochondrial dehydrogenases substrate that is converted in triphenyl formazan (TPF) (Bačkor and Fahselt, 2005). After removing the surfactant two subsequent extractions were performed respectively with dimethyl sulphoxide and n-hexane, whose fraction was separated by centrifugation and measured at 492 nm (Lambda 4 spectrophotometer, PerkinElmer).…”

Section: Lichen Viabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Local wind monitoring matched with lichen Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf transplantation technique to assess the environmental impact of a biomass power plant

Lucadamo¹,

Corapi²,

Gallo³

2017

Turk J Bot

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Tetrazolium reduction as an indicator of environmental stress in lichens and isolated bionts

Cited by 41 publications

References 27 publications

Dehydration rate and time of desiccation affect recovery of the lichenic algae Trebouxia erici: alternative and classical protective mechanisms

Dehydration rate and time of desiccation affect recovery of the lichenic algae Trebouxia erici: alternative and classical protective mechanisms

Spatial variation of eco-physiological parameters in the lichen Pseudevernia furfuracea transplanted in an area surrounding a cement plant (S Italy)

Local wind monitoring matched with lichen Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf transplantation technique to assess the environmental impact of a biomass power plant

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