Textile fiber-reinforced anionic polyamide-6 composites. Part II: Investigation on interfacial bond formation by short beam shear test

Rijswijk, K van; Geenen, Ab A. van; Bersee, H.E.N.

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2009.02.018

Cited by 55 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…[45][46] Further, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) has often been useful to gain valuable structural insights into the nylon-6 polymer and determine its purity. [47][48][49] TGA has proved to be a suitable method to investigate the thermal stability of polymeric systems. The first peak corresponds to glass transition temperature (T g ) and second to melting temperature (T m ).…”

Section: Polymerization Of ɛ-Caprolactam To Nylon-6 Catalyzed By Barimentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymerization of ϵ‐Caprolactam to Nylon‐6 Catalyzed by Barium σ‐Borane Complex under Mild Condition

Bhattacharjee

Harinath

Sarkar³

et al. 2019

ChemCatChem

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A mild and low-temperature synthesis of nylon-6 is achieved through the ring-opening polymerization of ɛ-caprolactam using barium σ-borane complex as the catalyst. Due to the mild nature of the catalyst, this protocol provides an easy means of synthesizing nylon-6, for the first time with a precise and predictable molecular weight. From various model experiments, it is evident that the σ-coordinated boron hydride acts as a mild hydride donor in the first step of the reaction to generate lactamate anions, which then undergo ring-opening polymerization in-situ with the remaining caprolactam molecules under the influence of the dehydrogenated boron metal complex.Polyamides are among the most versatile synthetic polymers and are indispensable to modern life. The widespread utility of these durable high-strength materials is manifested from the various applications in the form of fibers, industrial yarns, floor covering and engineering plastics or films. [1] Among all the polyamides available today, poly (ɛ-caprolactam) or nylon-6 alone represents approximately 45 % of worldwide production in terms of volume. [2] With the increase in environmental regulation toward reduction of industrial energy consumption and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emission, significant efforts are being made to develop a greener and more efficient technology for making nylon. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] The industrial production of nylon-6 is commonly carried out by means of anionic polymerization, which is performed hydrolytically at 250°C or at a relatively lower temperature of 150°C in the presence of an initiator. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Buchmeiser et al. reported a series of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) as initiators at temperatures of 180-200°C for anionic ring-opening homo as well as copolymerization of lactams to give corresponding polyamide PA 12 and PA 6/12. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] In addition to intense energy requirements, these high-temperature reactions have several other drawbacks, including the formation of undesired side products. The properties of nylon-6 synthesized through anionic polymerization are often shaped by irregularities in the polymer chain because of side reactions such as Claisen-type condensations that occur during the polymerization of ɛ-caprolactam. These side reactions are strongly marked by weak heat exchange with the surrounding medium during typical bulk polymerization. [30] Ricco et al. have studied the influence of fast activators on the chain regularity and polymorphism of synthesized nylon-6. [31] At the same time, cationic initiation is not as useful as its anionic counterparts because of poor conversion and low molecular weight of the resultant polymer.Furthermore, while the use of an alkali or alkaline metal or alkali metal hydride enables the synthesis of nylon-6 in good proportion, the side reactions adulterate the product with amines and water, which destroy reactive initiator and propagate a species that often promotes polymer branching and chain irregularities. Therefo...

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Section: Polymerization Of ɛ-Caprolactam To Nylon-6 Catalyzed By Barimentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymerization of ϵ‐Caprolactam to Nylon‐6 Catalyzed by Barium σ‐Borane Complex under Mild Condition

Bhattacharjee

Harinath

Sarkar³

et al. 2019

ChemCatChem

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“…The reaction will end when any proton-donating species neutralises all the anionically charged polymeric chains. [2][3][4][5] 2…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A numerical simulation of woven/anionic polyamide 6 composite part manufacturing using structural reactive injection moulding process

García-Manrique

Hoto

Gascón

et al. 2014

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials

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In this work, a structural reactive injection moulding process using reactive anionic polyamide 6 (APA-6) is studied. Semi-empirical equations for the prediction of the APA-6 reaction kinetics and an advection equation for void transport are used in the numerical scheme. A complex numerical simulation of reactive injection of "-caprolactam was developed for a three-dimensional industrial part. The validity of the approach is demonstrated for determining an effective injection strategy, including the position of vents and gates and the most effective parameter values for minimum mould filling time without the formation of voids.

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“…Several reactive thermoplastic pre-polymers have been developed with extremely low viscosities as thermoset resins for manufacturing of textile reinforced thermoplastics in Liquid Composites Molding (LCM) processes [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Cyclic butylene terephthalate (CBT Ò ) is one of those attractive oligomer systems developed by Brunelle et al [20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous binding and toughening concept for textile reinforced pCBT composites: Manufacturing and flexural properties

Xie

Jiang

et al. 2013

Composite Structures

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Textile fiber-reinforced anionic polyamide-6 composites. Part II: Investigation on interfacial bond formation by short beam shear test

Cited by 55 publications

References 16 publications

Polymerization of ϵ‐Caprolactam to Nylon‐6 Catalyzed by Barium σ‐Borane Complex under Mild Condition

Polymerization of ϵ‐Caprolactam to Nylon‐6 Catalyzed by Barium σ‐Borane Complex under Mild Condition

A numerical simulation of woven/anionic polyamide 6 composite part manufacturing using structural reactive injection moulding process

Simultaneous binding and toughening concept for textile reinforced pCBT composites: Manufacturing and flexural properties

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