Textiles production and end-of-life management options

Bartl, Andreas

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-817880-5.00010-4

Cited by 13 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…There are few clear estimates for water use from polyester spinning processes. Bartl (2020) suggested that primary polyester spinning uses 48.8 m 3 t -1 water (excluding printing and dyeing) and Zhang et al…”

Section: Water Usementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It seems reasonable to assume that similar quantities are used for recycled PET and that cleaning and separation processes are similar to those carried out for conventional recycling. Possibly a more important comparator is for cotton, which has been reported to use between 2,000 and 27,000 m 3 t -1 produced (Bartl, 2020). Otherwise, there is no reason to assume that bottle-to-fibre reprocessing has a different water consumption rate in comparison to bottle-to-bottle.…”

Section: Water Usementioning

confidence: 99%

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Safely recovering value from plastic waste in the Global South: Opportunities and challenges for circular economy and plastic pollution mitigation

Cook¹,

Velis²,

Josh³

2021

Preprint

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Over the coming decades, a large additional mass of plastic waste will become available for recycling, as the world’s largest fast moving consumer goods companies step up efforts to reduce plastic pollution and facilitate a circular economy. Finding ways to recover value from this material is a substantial challenge that has prompted exploration of novel processes, such as ‘chemical recycling’, as well as more established ones, such as incineration with energy recovery. Many of these efforts will take place in the Global South, where plastic pollution and due to mismanagement of waste are most acute. New infrastructure will need to be developed, and it is important that the processes and systems chosen do not result in adverse effects on human health and the environment. This concern is particularly acute in countries that lack effective, well-resourced and independent systems for environmental regulation and the protection of occupational and public health. Here, we present a rapid review and critical semi-quantitative assessment of the potential risks posed by eight approaches to recovering value (resource recovery, circular economy) from post-consumer plastic packaging waste that has been collected and separated with the purported intention of recycling. The focus is on the Global South, where there are more chances that high risk processes could be run below standards of safe operation (though much of the evidence reviewed is inevitably based on research outcomes obtained in the Global North context). Our assessment indicates that under realistic, i.e. non-idealised operational conditions, mechanical reprocessing is the least impactful on the environment and is the most appropriate and effective method for implementation in the Global South. We find little difference in potential risks between so called ‘bottle-to-fibre’ and ‘bottle-to-bottle’ processes as they involve similar processing and both result in substantial avoided burdens from virgin production. The lack of real-world process data for the groups of processes known as ‘chemical recycling’ make them hard to assess. At present, there is no strong evidence that any of them have reached commercial stability when applied to processing post-consumer plastic packaging waste. Given this lack of maturity and potential for risk to human health and the environment (inferred through the handling of potentially hazardous substances under pressure and heat), it is hard to see how they will make a useful addition to the circular economy in the Global South in the near future. Incineration of waste plastics that have been collected for recycling is comparable with other forms of fossil fuel combustion used to generate energy and, despite the lack of process data, the same is likely for co-processing in cement kilns: notably, neither of these processes can be described as ‘recycling’ and, in general, are deemed as only the last resort in circular cascading systems. Though contemporary air pollution control technology is capable of comprehensively mitigating harmful emissions from combustion, there is a high risk that costly maintenance and management will not be carried out in the absence of strong regulation and enforcement. Inevitably, increasing circular economy activity will require expansion towards targeting flexible, multi-material and multi-layer products, for which mechanical recycling has well-established limitations; which has prompted exploration of alternative approaches. Yet, our comparative risk overview indicates major barriers to changing resource recovery mode from the already dominant mechanical recycling mode towards other nascent or energetic recovery approaches.

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Section: Water Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Water Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Safely recovering value from plastic waste in the Global South: Opportunities and challenges for circular economy and plastic pollution mitigation

Cook¹,

Velis²,

Josh³

2021

Preprint

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“…Numerous researchers are now working on replacing synthetic fibers with natural fibers to comply with new environmental regulations as well as petroleum resource depletion [7] [25] [26] [27]. In 2006, the "United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organization declared 2009 the international year of natural fibers".…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Machinability of Polymeric Composites and Future Reinforcements—A Review

Shalwan¹,

Alsaeed²,

Yousif³

2022

MSCE

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This paper reviews the machinability and mechanical properties of natural fiber-reinforced composites. Coupling agents, operating parameters, as well as chemical treatment effects on natural fiber-reinforced composites' machinability are also reviewed. Moreover, the impacts of fibers' physical properties on the machinability of the composite are mentioned. Fiber volume fraction (V f ), fiber orientation as well as chemical treatment effects on mechanical properties are also defined. Conclusively, the effect of fibers' physical properties as well as mechanical properties is described. It was discovered that chemical treatment of natural fibers improved their compatibility with the matrix by removing their surface tissues, increasing the roughness average (Ra), and reducing moisture absorption. Also, the Orientation of the fiber plays an important role in controlling the mechanical properties of the composite. Moreover, some physical properties of the fibers, including quality of fiber distributed in the matrix; fiber size, length, and diameter; moisture absorption; porosity and the way fibers break during compounding with the matrix, were found to affect the mechanical properties of the composites formed.

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“…As fibras são os principais componentes da produção têxtil e podem ser naturais de origem vegetal, como o algodão, o linho, o rami, o sisal e a juta, e naturais de origem animal, como a lã e a seda. Além disso, podem ser manufaturas, denominadas filamentos, tendo duas origens: a orgânica, originada de polímeros naturais ou sintéticos, e a inorgânica, como as fibras de carbono, vidro e cerâmica (MALUF; KOLBE, 2003;BARTL, 2020). Essas matérias primas podem ser fiadas ou não, e transformadas em tecidos planos, que são formados pelo cruzamento em ângulo reto de fios de trama e urdume; em tecidos de malha, produzidos por laçadas feitas por agulhas; e em nãotecidos, produzidos diretamente por meio do acúmulo de fibras (BARTL, 2020).…”

Section: Algodãounclassified

“…O setor de tingimento, que é um processo de beneficiamento secundário, é um dos principais responsáveis pelos problemas ambientais. Nesse setor, além do consumo abundante de água, uma média de 100 a 200 m 3 /t de água, mais de 8000 produtos químicos são empregados e cerca de 20% da poluição hídrica provém de tingimentos e acabamentos (BARTL, 2020). Os efluentes gerados contém inúmeras substâncias de caráter tóxico, mutagênico e carcinogênico que podem trazer riscos à saúde humana e à vida aquática, pois causam poluição visual, além de afetarem o processo de fotossíntese, devido aos corantes residuais que impedem a penetração da luz nos corpos hídricos (QUEIROZ et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Estudo das propriedades de tingimento, ação antibacteriana e fotoprotetora do extrato das cascas de romã (>i<Punica granatum L.>/i<) aplicado em tecido de algodão

Otaviano¹

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À minha irmã, Bruna Haraki, e mãe, Cecília Haraki, que sempre me deram suporte para que eu conseguisse estudar.Ao meu companheiro e amigo, Tiago Limone, por estar sempre presente, nos maus e bons momentos, sempre pronto para me ajudar, amar, apoiar, me fazer rir e me manter otimista diante das adversidades.Às incríveis amizades que conquistei e que levarei para vida toda, Marília Rodrigues, Danielle Santos e Luciana Tahira, que, com humor e compaixão, me ajudaram a passar por períodos difíceis e me proporcionaram grandes momentos de alegria nos laboratórios e fora deles.À professora Dra. Sirlene Maria da Costa, que me acolheu em seu laboratório, que me ensinou muitas coisas, incentivou, orientou maravilhosamente e me moldou como profissional. À minha coorientadora, professora Dra. Miriam Sannomiya, que contribuiu com o crescimento do trabalho, que me apresentou novos pontos de vista e me recebeu com tanto carinho e atenção em seu laboratório e em sua vida. À professora Dra. Silgia Aparecida da Costa, que me recebeu tão bem em seu ambiente de trabalho e que esteve sempre presente, ajudando no decorrer da pesquisa.

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Textiles production and end-of-life management options

Cited by 13 publications

References 36 publications

Safely recovering value from plastic waste in the Global South: Opportunities and challenges for circular economy and plastic pollution mitigation

Safely recovering value from plastic waste in the Global South: Opportunities and challenges for circular economy and plastic pollution mitigation

Machinability of Polymeric Composites and Future Reinforcements—A Review

Estudo das propriedades de tingimento, ação antibacteriana e fotoprotetora do extrato das cascas de romã (>i<Punica granatum L.>/i<) aplicado em tecido de algodão

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