Thalamocortical dysrhythmia I. Functional and imaging aspects

Llinás, Rodolfó R.; Ribary, Urs; Jeanmonod, Daniel; Cancro, Robert; Kronberg, Eugene; Schulman, J.; Zonenshayn, Martin; Magnin, M.; Morel, Anne; Siegmund, Malte

doi:10.1016/s1472-9288(01)00023-1

Cited by 33 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…These results, using the average signal of many EEG electrodes from schizotypal individuals, resemble the results reported using the average signal of many MEG sensors from clinical SZ individuals Jeanmonod et al, 2003;Llinas and Ribary, 2001;Llinás et al, 2001;Llinas et al, 1999;Sarnthein et al, 2003) and the interpretation is that there exists a slight, but widespread, perturbation of thalamocortical resonance (TCD) in individuals who exhibit the cluster of personality traits associated with schizotypy.…”

Section: Power Spectra Cross-correlationsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…This increase in slow rhythmic activity, whilst awake and at rest, leads to disturbances of sensation, cognition and motor performance Llinás et al, 2001;Llinas et al, 1999;Schulman et al, 2011;Schulman et al, 2001;Whitwell et al, 2011). One crucial organising feature of the cortex is its system of inhibitory GABAergic interneurons, which mediate reciprocal cortico-cortical networks (Llinas et al, 2005;Llinas et al, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dysfunctional neural activities have been studied using single unit recording from the human thalamus (Jeanmonod et al, 1996;Jeanmonod et al, 2003;Jeanmonod, 2007, 2008;Sarnthein et al, 2003Sarnthein et al, , 2005, while abnormal oscillatory activities have been assessed with magnetoencephalographic (MEG) Jeanmonod et al, 2003;Llinas and Ribary, 2001;Llinás et al, 2001;Llinas et al, 2005;Llinas et al, 1999;Schulman et al, 2011;Schulman et al, 2001) and EEG Jeanmonod, 2007, 2008;Sarnthein et al, 2003Sarnthein et al, , 2005 recordings in patients suffering from SZ, chronic psychosis, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, neuropathic pain, tinnitus, major depression, obsessivecompulsive, affective and impulse control disorders. These studies tested the hypothesis that the pathophysiological mechanism involved in the manifestation of symptoms in these disorders is the existence of abnormal, localized and protracted low-frequency spontaneous recurrent activation of the thalamocortical system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This thalamocortical resonance is a prerequisite for normal cognition Llinás et al, 2001). With TCD, low-threshold calcium spike (LTS) bursts in the thalamus have an inter-burst frequency of ~ 4 Hz in awake resting-state patients (Jeanmonod et al, 1996;Jeanmonod et al, 2003;Llinas and Steriade, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantitative electroencephalography as a biomarker for proneness toward developing psychosis

Fuggetta

Bennett

Duke

et al. 2014

Schizophrenia Research

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The fully dimensional approach to the relationship between schizotypal personality traits and schizophrenia describes schizotypy as a continuum throughout the general population ranging from low schizotypy (LoS) and psychological health to high schizotypy (HiS) and psychosisproneness. However, no biological markers have yet been discovered that reliably quantify an individual's degree of schizotypy and/or psychosis. This study aimed to evaluate quantitative electroencephalographic (qEEG) measures of power spectra as potential biomarkers of the proneness towards the development of psychosis in schizotypal individuals. The resting-state oscillatory brain dynamics under eyes-closed condition from 16 LoS and 16 HiS individuals were analysed for qEEG measures of background rhythm frequency, relative power in δ, θ, low-α, high-α, low-β, high-β and low-γ frequency bands, and the high-temporal crosscorrelation of power spectra between low-and high-frequency bands observed by averaging signals from whole-head EEG electrodes. HiS individuals at rest locked the thalamocortical loop in the low-α band at a lower-frequency oscillation and displayed an abnormally high level of neural synchronisation. In addition, the high-α band was found to be positively correlated with both the high-β and low-γ bands unlike LoS individuals, indicating widespread thalamocortical resonance in HiS individuals. The increase of regional alpha oscillations in HiS individuals suggests abnormal high-level attention, whereas the pattern of correlation between frequency bands resembles the thalamocortical dysrhythma phenomenon which underlies the symptomatology of a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders including schizophrenia. These qEEG biomarkers may aid clinicians in identifying HiS individuals with a high-risk of developing psychosis.

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Section: Power Spectra Cross-correlationsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Quantitative electroencephalography as a biomarker for proneness toward developing psychosis

Fuggetta

Bennett

Duke

et al. 2014

Schizophrenia Research

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“…This activity is especially prominent in the thalamus, where it plays an important role in sensory gating, sleep, and arousal (277). The term thalamocortical dysrhythmias has been coined to describe pathological changes in these oscillations, and they have been implicated in a wide range of neurological disorders including absence epilepsy, the tremor associated with Parkinson's disease, tinnitus, neuropsychiatric disorders, and neurogenic pain (186,242).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Physiology of Low-Voltage-Activated T-type Calcium Channels

Perez‐Reyes

2003

Physiological Reviews

1,518

1,446

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T-type Ca2+ channels were originally called low-voltage-activated (LVA) channels because they can be activated by small depolarizations of the plasma membrane. In many neurons Ca2+ influx through LVA channels triggers low-threshold spikes, which in turn triggers a burst of action potentials mediated by Na+ channels. Burst firing is thought to play an important role in the synchronized activity of the thalamus observed in absence epilepsy, but may also underlie a wider range of thalamocortical dysrhythmias. In addition to a pacemaker role, Ca2+ entry via T-type channels can directly regulate intracellular Ca2+ concentrations, which is an important second messenger for a variety of cellular processes. Molecular cloning revealed the existence of three T-type channel genes. The deduced amino acid sequence shows a similar four-repeat structure to that found in high-voltage-activated (HVA) Ca2+ channels, and Na+ channels, indicating that they are evolutionarily related. Hence, the α1-subunits of T-type channels are now designated Cav3. Although mRNAs for all three Cav3 subtypes are expressed in brain, they vary in terms of their peripheral expression, with Cav3.2 showing the widest expression. The electrophysiological activities of recombinant Cav3 channels are very similar to native T-type currents and can be differentiated from HVA channels by their activation at lower voltages, faster inactivation, slower deactivation, and smaller conductance of Ba2+. The Cav3 subtypes can be differentiated by their kinetics and sensitivity to block by Ni2+. The goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive description of T-type currents, their distribution, regulation, pharmacology, and cloning.

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Low-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to the Temporoparietal Junction for Tinnitus

Piccirillo¹,

Garcia²,

Nicklaus³

et al. 2011

Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg

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Objective The goal of this study was to examine the effectiveness and safety of low-frequency rTMS to the temporoparietal junction in a cohort of patients with bothersome tinnitus. Design Cross-over, double-blind, randomized clinical trial. Setting Outpatient, academic medical center Participants 14 adults between the ages of 42 and 59 with subjective, unilateral or bilateral, non-pulsatile tinnitus of 6 months duration or greater, and a score of 38 or greater on the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI). Interventions Low-frequency (1 Hz) 110% motor threshold rTMS or sham to left temporoparietal junction for 2 weeks. Main Outcome Measure The difference in the change of the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory score between active and sham rTMS. Results Active treatment was associated with a median (95% CI) reduction in THI of 5 points (0 to 14) and sham treatment was associated with a median reduction in THI of 6 points (−2 to 12). The difference in THI between the change associated with active and sham rTMS ranged from 34 points reduction in THI score after active treatment when compared to THI score after sham, to an increase of 22 points, with a median difference change of only 1 point (−6 to 4). Conclusions Daily low-frequency rTMS to the left temporoparietal junction area for 2 weeks was no more effective than placebo for patients with chronic bothersome tinnitus. Possible explanations for the negative findings are short duration of treatment, failure of rTMS stimulation over the temporoparietal area to affect auditory cortex buried within the Sylvian fissure, or more widespread cortical network changes associated with severe bothersome tinnitus not amenable to localized rTMS effects.

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Thalamocortical dysrhythmia I. Functional and imaging aspects

Cited by 33 publications

References 47 publications

Quantitative electroencephalography as a biomarker for proneness toward developing psychosis

Quantitative electroencephalography as a biomarker for proneness toward developing psychosis

Molecular Physiology of Low-Voltage-Activated T-type Calcium Channels

Low-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to the Temporoparietal Junction for Tinnitus

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