The 13C bicarbonate dilution technique to determine energy expenditure in young bulls validated by indirect calorimetry

Junghans, P.; Voigt, J.; Jentsch, W.; Metges, C. C.; Derno, M.

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2006.11.009

Cited by 39 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In previous studies, RQ values were found to be 0.85 in fasted humans (Junghans et al, 2008) and in fasted bulls (Junghans et al, 2007). For ponies fed simultaneously with administration of 13 C-bicarbonate (similar to T 0 in this study) RQ values of 0.79 were found, independent of administration route (IV or oral; Jensen et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…However, urine excretion and methane production are not estimated with the 13 C-BT, and therefore both were omitted from the equation as the contribution of each normally is smaller than 1% (Vermorel et al, 1997;Junghans et al, 2007). The ratio between 13 C to 12 C in breath CO 2 was converted to the delta value of 13 C (δ 13 C, ‰).…”

Section: Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As an alternative, the EE can be estimated by the use of stable isotope techniques, which allow for measurements under free-living conditions with minimal interference with the animal (Junghans et al, 2007). These techniques include the doubly labelled water (DLW) method and the 13 C-bicarbonate technique ( 13 C-BT).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 13 C-BT has successfully been used to estimate EE in humans (Junghans et al, 2008) and different animal species, including goats (Junghans et al, 1997;Prieto et al, 2001), bulls (Junghans et al, 2007), dogs (Larsson et al, 2014) and it has been validated against IC in ponies (Jensen et al, 2015). Administration of 13 C-bicarbonate has been done as a single intravenous (IV) bolus dose (Junghans et al, 2007;Jensen et al, 2015) or by continuous IV infusion (Prieto et al, 2001;Urschel et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Administration of 13 C-bicarbonate has been done as a single intravenous (IV) bolus dose (Junghans et al, 2007;Jensen et al, 2015) or by continuous IV infusion (Prieto et al, 2001;Urschel et al, 2009). However, oral administration of 13 C-bicarbonate has also been used (Junghans et al, 2008;Larsson et al, 2014;Jensen et al, 2015), meaning that the 13 C-BT may be used as a non-invasive method for measuring CO 2 production and hence EE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of feeding on CO2 production and energy expenditure in ponies measured by indirect calorimetry and the 13C-bicarbonate technique

Jensen

Kyrstein

Junghans

et al. 2015

Animal

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Energy expenditure (EE) can be estimated based on respiratory gas exchange measurements, traditionally done in respiration chambers by indirect calorimetry (IC). However, the 13 C-bicarbonate technique ( 13 C-BT) might be an alternative minimal invasive method for estimation of CO 2 production and EE in the field. In this study, four Shetland ponies were used to explore the effect of feeding on CO 2 production and EE measured simultaneously by IC and 13 C-BT. The ponies were individually housed in respiration chambers and received either a single oral or intravenous (IV) bolus dose of 13 C-labelled sodium bicarbonate (NaH 13 CO 3 ). The ponies were fed haylage 3 h before ( T − 3 ), simultaneously with ( T 0 ) or 3 h after ( T + 3 ) administration of 13 C-bicarbonate. The CO 2 produced and O 2 consumed by the ponies were measured for 6 h with both administration routes of 13 C-bicarbonate at the three different feeding times. Feeding time affected the CO 2 production ( P < 0.001) and O 2 consumption ( P < 0.001), but not the respiratory quotient (RQ) measured by IC. The recovery factor (RF) of 13 C in breath CO 2 was affected by feeding time ( P < 0.01) and three different RF were used in the calculation of CO 2 production measured by 13 C-BT. An average RQ was used for the calculations of EE. There was no difference between IC and 13 C-BT for estimation of CO 2 production. An effect of feeding time ( P < 0.001) on the estimated EE was found, with higher EE when feed was offered ( T 0 and T + 3 ) compared with when no feed was available ( T − 3 ) during measurements. In conclusion, this study showed that feeding time affects the RF and measurements of CO 2 production and EE. This should be considered when the 13 C-BT is used in the field. IV administration of 13 C-bicarbonate is recommended in future studies with horses to avoid complex 13 C enrichment-time curves with maxima and shoulders as observed in several experiments with oral administration of 13 C-bicarbonate.Keywords: 13 C-bicarbonate, indirect calorimetry, energy expenditure, pony ImplicationsEnergy expenditure (EE) can be estimated based on measurements of respiratory gas exchange. This is traditionally done by indirect calorimetry in respiration chambers. However, the horse has to be confined to the chamber during measurements, which might affect its normal behaviour. Moreover, this technique requires expensive research facilities and skilled personnel. The minimal invasive stable isotope 13 C technique for measuring EE in the field was evaluated successfully in ponies. The present study developed this technique further and the results provide new information on how it can be used under field conditions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%