The 3d Mind Model characterizes how people understand mental states across modern and historical cultures

Thornton, Mark Allen; Reilly, Brian J.; Slingerland, Edward; Tamir, Diana

doi:10.31234/osf.io/m5p74

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…However, an alternative way to make sense of others’ unique minds would be to apply core concepts of mental states that generalize across people. That is, people may operate upon concepts of mental states that are largely universal ( Thornton et al, 2020 ). Universality in this case does not mean that everyone has the same understanding of mental state concepts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite any idiosyncrasies that the current situation may impose, both people have a core understanding of what grief is . This shared understanding of emotions has been the basis of much affective research, which implies that there are universal emotions that span age, race, and culture (e.g., Barrett et al, 2007 , Jackson et al, 2019 , Thornton et al, 2020 ). It may be, then, that everyone uses stable, generalizable concepts of mental states when considering what someone else is experiencing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The representational structure of mental states generalizes across target people and stimulus modalities

2021

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Each individual experiences mental states in their own idiosyncratic way, yet perceivers can accurately understand a huge variety of states across unique individuals. How do they accomplish this feat? Do people think about their own anger in the same ways as another person’s anger? Is reading about someone’s anxiety the same as seeing it? Here, we test the hypothesis that a common conceptual core unites mental state representations across contexts. Across three studies, participants judged the mental states of multiple targets, including a generic other, the self, a socially close other, and a socially distant other. Participants viewed mental state stimuli in multiple modalities, including written scenarios and images. Using representational similarity analysis, we found that brain regions associated with social cognition expressed stable neural representations of mental states across both targets and modalities. Together, these results suggest that people use stable models of mental states across different people and contexts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The representational structure of mental states generalizes across target people and stimulus modalities

2021

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“…Further, although our findings suggested a difference in cultural contexts between Cantonese and English, the current study does not include the analysis of English emotion lexicons given the limited data. Future cross-language comparisons such as the study conducted by Thornton and colleagues 54 would be beneficial to evaluate this argument. Further, the current findings relied on the self-report data and clustering algorithms chosen in the study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovering the structure and organization of a free Cantonese emotion-label word association graph to understand mental lexicons of emotions

Wong

Fang

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Emotions are not necessarily universal across different languages and cultures. Mental lexicons of emotions depend strongly on contextual factors, such as language and culture. The Chinese language has unique linguistic properties that are different from other languages. As a main variant of Chinese, Cantonese has some emotional expressions that are only used by Cantonese speakers. Previous work on Chinese emotional vocabularies focused primarily on Mandarin. However, little is known about Cantonese emotion vocabularies. This is important since both language variants might have distinct emotional expressions, despite sharing the same writing system. To explore the structure and organization of Cantonese-label emotion words, we selected 79 highly representative emotion cue words from an ongoing large-scale Cantonese word association study (SWOW-HK). We aimed to identify the categories of these emotion words and non-emotion words that related to emotion concepts. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to generate word clusters and investigate the underlying emotion dimensions. As the cluster quality was low in hierarchical clustering, we further constructed an emotion graph using a network approach to explore how emotions are organized in the Cantonese mental lexicon. With the support of emotion knowledge, the emotion graph defined more distinct emotion categories. The identified network communities covered basic emotions such as love, happiness, and sadness. Our results demonstrate that mental lexicon graphs constructed from free associations of Cantonese emotion-label words can reveal fine categories of emotions and their relevant concepts.

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“…Thus, RSA is particularly beneficial in cross-cultural psychology, especially to explore hypotheses concerning representations of multilevel data (e.g., data including variables from both the individual and society levels). For example, RSA can be applied to determine how representations can predict culture-specific and cultureconsistent behavior, how representations differ across cultural groups, and how these representations can be compared to inform and verify emerging theories in crosscultural psychology (Thornton et al, 2020;Peng & Luo, 2021;Bond, 2019).…”

Section: The Perspective Of Representation Similaritymentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual uniqueness in trust profiles and well‐being: Understanding the role of cultural tightness–looseness from a representation similarity perspective

Luo

Espina

et al. 2022

British J Social Psychol

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This paper provides a unique perspective for understanding cultural differences: representation similarity -a computational technique that uses pairwise comparisons of units to reveal their representation in higher-order space. By combining individuallevel measures of trust across domains and well-being from 13,823 participants across 15 nations with a measure of society-level tightness-looseness, we found that any two countries with more similar tightness-looseness tendencies exhibit higher degrees of representation similarity in national interpersonal trust profiles. Although each individual's trust profile is generally similar to their nation's trust profile, the greater similarity between an individual's and their society's trust profile predicted a higher level of individual life satisfaction only in loose cultures, but not in tight cultures.Using the framework of representation similarity to explore cross-cultural differences from a multidimensional, multi-national perspective can provide a new and fuller understanding of culture and its influence on human well-being.

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The 3d Mind Model characterizes how people understand mental states across modern and historical cultures

Cited by 10 publications

References 21 publications

The representational structure of mental states generalizes across target people and stimulus modalities

The representational structure of mental states generalizes across target people and stimulus modalities

Discovering the structure and organization of a free Cantonese emotion-label word association graph to understand mental lexicons of emotions

Individual uniqueness in trust profiles and well‐being: Understanding the role of cultural tightness–looseness from a representation similarity perspective

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