“…Biosorption, which utilizes the ability to live biomass to accumulate metals, has been considered a highly competitive, effective, and economically attractive treatment method because it can maintain viable biomass during the removal of heavy metals (Tunali et al 2006). However, research on the effect of RE metals, as emerging pollutants in the environment, on the bioremediation of PAHs-contaminated sites is scant (Shi et al 2021).…”