The action of papain and bromelain on the uterus

Hunter, Robert G.; Henry, George W.; Heinicke, R. M.

doi:10.1016/0002-9378(57)90398-8

Cited by 20 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…A case report describes that administration of Br (2000 mg/day changing to 3000 mg/day 3 days before menses) in combination with other compounds and acupuncture significantly reduced pain (from 8 to 2 on the VAS scale) (37). Other studies administering bromelain extract (1.5 mg/mL in PBS, 5 minutes vaginal irrigation) showed immediate relief in 62% of patients (38,39). Zn supplementation has been reported to prevent uterine spasms and cramps, inducing a reduction in prostaglandin synthesis by reducing cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity and an improvement in endometrial tissue microcirculation (40)(41)(42).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the recommended dosage of the N-Acetyl Cysteine, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Bromelain and Zinc preparation as a treatment for dysmenorrhea

Estrada¹,

Carmona

2022

Preprint

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Dysmenorrhea, defined as pain during menstruation, is the most common gynecological condition, affecting a large percentage of women with varying degrees of pain. In recent years, the management of dysmenorrhea has become increasingly important because of the emotional, health and economic burden it entails and because of the need for new studies and research for effective treatments to alleviate its symptoms. The most common treatments for dysmenorrhea are NSAIDs or oral contraceptives, although gynecologists also recommend the preparation composed of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), alpha lipoic acid (LA), bromelain (Br) and Zinc (Zn), (NAC/LA/Br/Zn) due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties and efficacy in reducing pain. However, there is no data on what dosage of the preparation should be recommended for patients with dysmenorrhea. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine how the NAC/LA/Br/Zn preparation is recommended for the treatment of dysmenorrhea in daily clinical practice and what specialists base their decision on. A survey was conducted among gynecologists with extensive experience recommending the preparation, with a participation rate of 97% (N=73). The most frequently recommended regimen is to begin with continuous administration for 90 days with 10-day breaks (69%) or without breaks (31%). Specialists recommend the preparation for any type of pain and may recommend discontinuous administration (in the days around menstruation) when the pain is moderate or mild. In patients with primary dysmenorrhea with mild pain, the most recommended approach is discontinuous therapy in the days around menstruation (50.7%) followed by continuous administration for 90 days with 10-day breaks (24.7%). When pain is moderate or severe, the most recommended approach is 90-day continuous therapy with 10-day breaks (47.9% and 71.2%, respectively). In the case of secondary dysmenorrhea, the most recommended approach is 90-day continuous therapy with 10-day breaks for any degree of pain (41.1%, 57.5% and 76.7% for mild, moderate and severe pain, respectively). Most gynecologists (79%) adapt the regimen after clinical assessment of the degree of pain towards discontinuous administration patterns, on the days around menstruation. Most of the specialists consulted do not modify the recommended regimen if the patient is being treated with other drugs such as NSAIDs, hormonal contraception or a combination of progestogens (78%, 59% and 58%, respectively). The preparation is recommended in conjunction with hygienic-dietary measures without modification of the dosage (90%). This is the first study that addresses how specialists recommend the NAC/LA/Br/Zn preparation to patients with dysmenorrhea. The most common regimen for dysmenorrhea is to start treatment with continuous administration of the preparation for 90 days with 10 days of break, continuing the regimen or adapting it according to the degree of pain reported by the patient during treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the recommended dosage of the N-Acetyl Cysteine, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Bromelain and Zinc preparation as a treatment for dysmenorrhea

Estrada¹,

Carmona

2022

Preprint

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“…Various studies have shown that these proteases enhance gastric digestion [6], while their impact on the intestinal phase of digestion is rather minor but still noticeable [7,8]. They have been extensively used as meat tenderisers due to their proteolytic actions on collagen and myofibrillar proteins [9][10][11], as well as beer clarifiers and milk-coagulating agents [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk Protein Hydrolysis by Actinidin—Kinetic and Thermodynamic Characterisation and Comparison to Bromelain and Papain

Kaur,

Vasiljevic,

Huppertz

2023

Foods

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Plant proteases, including actinidin, papain and bromelain, have been widely used in the food industry but with limited application in dairy systems. This research aimed to establish and compare operational parameters (kinetics, temperature, enzyme type, time and thermodynamics) relevant to the applications of these enzymes in the hydrolysis of whey protein isolates (WPI), whey protein concentrates (WPC) or milk protein concentrates (MPC). The degree of hydrolysis (DH) increased with the rise in temperature, and the maximum DH was achieved at 60 °C for all three dairy systems. The addition of papain resulted in a greater %DH of whey proteins in comparison to bromelain. The cleavage of proteins was clearly time-dependent (p < 0.05), while the pH did not change significantly (p > 0.05) during this time. PAGE analysis revealed that all three enzymes mainly acted on α-lactalbumin and αs-casein in WPI and MPC, respectively. Kinetic parameters from the Lineweaver–Burk plot at 60 °C using WPC and MPC as a substrate varied widely, establishing that WPC hydrolysis was characterised by a lower KM, higher kcat, kcat/KM and Vmax compared to MPC in the case of all three enzymes. The difference in kcat/KM values amongst all enzymes (actinidin > papain > bromelain) indicated the difference in the strength of substrate binding sites. The thermodynamic parameters of these enzymes with MPC and WPC were also determined at a temperature range of 15–60 °C, and the results indicate the potential application of papain and actinidin in the dairy industry.

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“…Bromelain is a cysteine proteinase that has been extracted from pineapple (Ananas comosus) [20] and it has been investigated for its mucolytic [21,22], anti-inflammatory [23,24], wound debridment [25,26], antithrombotic [27] and anticancer properties [28][29][30]. It has also shown anti-tumuroigenic properties, both in vitro and in vivo, in a number of cancers, particularly in breast, pancreas and a variety of other cancers [29][30][31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Tumour and Chemosensitising Effect of a Combination of Bromelain + N-Acetyl Cysteine with Cisplatin or 5-Fu on Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma Cells

Pillai¹,

Akhter

Ehteda³

et al. 2013

J Glycobiol

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Background: Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare asbestos related peritoneal neoplasm. Survival is normally poor however, cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy has increased survival in some patients. Hence, new therapies are needed. MUC1 is a glycosylation dependant protein associated with tumour invasiveness, metastasis and chemo resistance. Bromelain, a cysteine proteinase, hydrolyses glycosidic bonds, whilst N-Acetyl cysteine reduces disulphide bonds in glycoprotein. Hence, we investigated the anti-tumour effect of these agents in MUC 1 expressing MPM cell lines. Materials and Methods:The cell lines were treated to various concentrations of bromelain, NAC and combinations of NAC + bromelain, NAC + bromelain + cisplatin or 5-FU. Their cell viabilities were assessed at 48 hours with sulfhordamine B assay. Finally, with western blotting, the effect of NAC and the combination of NAC + bromelain on cellular survival proteins were investigated.Results: Combination of NAC (10 mM) with bromelain (75 ug/ml) showed 97% and 88% cell proliferation inhibition in YOU and PET cells, respectively. In triple combination, the addition of cisplatin to only 5.0 mM NAC and bromelain increased cytotoxicity in YOU cells but absent at 10.0 mM NAC concentration. However, in PET cells, triple combinations with cisplatin had no effect.The addition of 5-FU in triple combinations showed an increase in cytotoxicity with 5.0 mM NAC and bromelain in YOU cells. No increase in cytotoxicity was seen with addition of 10 mM NAC. In PET cells, the addition 5-FU to 5.0 mM NAC + 50 ug/ml bromelain, enhanced cytotoxicity significantly but was absent at all other combinations. Conclusion:The combination of bromelain and NAC may be developed as anti-tumour agents for treating MPM, with a possible role in combined therapy with current chemotherapeutic agents.

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The action of papain and bromelain on the uterus

Cited by 20 publications

References 9 publications

Study of the recommended dosage of the N-Acetyl Cysteine, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Bromelain and Zinc preparation as a treatment for dysmenorrhea

Study of the recommended dosage of the N-Acetyl Cysteine, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Bromelain and Zinc preparation as a treatment for dysmenorrhea

Milk Protein Hydrolysis by Actinidin—Kinetic and Thermodynamic Characterisation and Comparison to Bromelain and Papain

Anti-Tumour and Chemosensitising Effect of a Combination of Bromelain + N-Acetyl Cysteine with Cisplatin or 5-Fu on Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma Cells

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