The activity and mechanism differences of typical tourmalines in the activation of persulfate for tetracycline degradation

Natural iron-rich tourmalines as effective catalysts for the heterogeneous and homogeneous activation of HCO3−/H2O2 to achieve the degradation of typical dyes

“…In previous reports, it has demonstrated that the degradation of organic pollutants could be achieved through a radical-free pathway; 1 O 2 can initiate the degradation or conversion of organics as non-radical active species. 9,24,29,30 Thus, the possible presence of 1 O 2 in the MB/high-Fe TM/KHCO 3 /H 2 O 2 and MO/high-Fe TM/KHCO 3 /H 2 O 2 systems was checked through the determination of their ESR spectra. During ESR detection, the ESR signals of 1 O 2 were gradually enhanced as high-Fe TM/KHCO 3 /H 2 O 2 was mixed with MO and MB for 5 min, 10 min and 15 min (Fig.…”

“…In the past years, several studies have demonstrated that tourmalines can serve as heterogeneous catalysts to activate persulfate to form reactive radicals (such as ˙SO 4 − , ˙OH, and ˙O 2 − ) for the degradation of organic pollutants. 20–24 In addition, our previous work has found that tourmaline has the property of slightly dissolving transition metal ions (such as Fe ions and Mg ions) into aqueous solution, 25 which hints that those transition metal ions may activate HCO 3 − /H 2 O 2 to produce ROSs as homogeneous catalysts. Inspired by these reports and based on the environmental compatibility, abundant resources and low-cost supply of natural tourmaline, it is worth investigating typical tourmalines as catalysts for the activation of HCO 3 − /H 2 O 2 to treat organic pollutants.…”

“…In the past years, several studies have demonstrated that tourmalines can serve as heterogeneous catalysts to activate persulfate to form reactive radicals (such as ˙SO 4 − , ˙OH, and ˙O2 − ) for the degradation of organic pollutants. [20][21][22][23][24] In addition, our previous work has found that tourmaline has the property of slightly dissolving transition metal ions (such as Fe ions and Mg ions) into aqueous solution, 25 which hints that those transition metal ions may activate HCO…”