The acute tobacco withdrawal syndrome among black smokers.

Robinson, Cendrine; Pickworth, Wallace B.; Heishman, Stephen J.; Waters, Andrew J.

doi:10.1037/a0031950

Cited by 17 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Short-term (eg, <12 hours) nicotine/tobacco abstinence is often used to assess product-related nicotine delivery and/or abstinence symptom suppression (eg, 47–50 ). Longer-term abstinence (eg, days or weeks) may be required as a negative control condition in studies designed to examine user toxicant exposure (eg, 14,26 ), the effects of nicotine after more than 12 hours abstinence (eg, 51,52 ), or product cessation outcomes (eg, 53,54 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Laboratory Evaluation of Electronic Cigarettes: Methodological Challenges

et al. 2016

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Objective Evaluating electronic cigarettes (ECIGs) in the clinical laboratory is critical to understanding their effects. However, laboratory evaluation of ECIGs can be challenging, as they are a novel, varied, and evolving class of products. The objective of this paper is to describe some methodological challenges to the clinical laboratory evaluation of ECIGs. Methods The authors gathered information about challenges involved in the laboratory evaluation of ECIGs. Challenges were categorized and solutions provided when possible. Results Methods used to study combustible cigarettes may need to be adapted to account for ECIG novelty and differences within the class. Challenges to ECIG evaluation can include issues related to 1) identification of ECIG devices and liquids, 2) determination of short -term ECIG abstinence, 3) measurement of use behavior, and 4) assessment of dependence. These challenges are discussed, and some suggestions to inform ECIG evaluation using clinical laboratory methods are provided. Conclusions Awareness of challenges and developing, validating, and reporting methods used to address them aids interpretation of results and replication efforts, thus enhancing the rigor of science used to protect public health through appropriate, empirically-based, ECIG regulation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Laboratory Evaluation of Electronic Cigarettes: Methodological Challenges

et al. 2016

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“…3 Additionally, Black smokers have a harder time quitting smoking 4 despite not experiencing elevated acute withdrawal symptoms. 5 The reasons for these disparities remain unclear, but they suggest that the severity and manifestation of nicotine dependence may differ by race, 6 illustrating a need for studies which examine racial/ ethnic differences in dependence to elucidate possible mechanisms responsible for smoking-related health disparities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of the Nicotine Dependence Behavior Time to the First Cigarette in a Multiracial Cohort

Branstetter¹,

Mercincavage²,

Muscat³

2014

Nicotine &Amp; Tobacco Research

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“…They are a subset of a dataset in which results have been previously reported. 26,[28][29][30] Most pertinent to the present paper, summary statistics for SABQ scores and the SS reaction time task were presented in Robinson et al, 30 stratified by race. The correlation between SABQ ratings and dependence was presented in Leventhal et al 29 Study procedures are described in Leventhal et al 29 The inclusion criteria were: Black or White; age 18 or older; smoking 15 or more cigarettes per day; smoking for at least 2 years; score 3+ on the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) 31 ; and smoking cigarettes that deliver at least 11.0 mg tar and 0.7 mg nicotine as rated by the Federal Trade Commission method.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black Cigarette Smokers Report More Attention to Smoking Cues Than White Smokers: Implications for Smoking Cessation

Robinson

Pickworth

Heishman

et al. 2015

NICTOB

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Introduction: Black cigarette smokers have lower rates of smoking cessation compared with Whites. However, the mechanisms underlying these differences are not clear. Many Blacks live in communities saturated by tobacco advertisements. These cue-rich environments may undermine cessation attempts by provoking smoking. Moreover, attentional bias to smoking cues (attention capture by smoking cues) has been linked to lower cessation outcomes. Cessation attempts among Blacks may be compromised by attentional bias to smoking cues and a cue-rich environment. Method: Attention to smoking cues in Black and White smokers was examined in 2 studies. In both studies, assessments were completed during 2 laboratory visits: a nonabstinent session and an abstinent session. In study 1, nontreatment-seeking smokers (99 Whites, 104 Blacks) completed the Subjective Attentional Bias Questionnaire (SABQ; a self-report measure of attention to cues) and the Smoking Stroop task (a reaction time measure of attentional bias to smoking cues). In study 2, 110 White and 74 Black treatment-seeking smokers completed these assessments and attempted to quit. Results: In study 1, Blacks reported higher ratings than Whites on the SABQ (p = .005). In study 2, Blacks also reported higher ratings than Whites on the SABQ (p = .003). In study 2, Blacks had lower biochemical-verified point prevalence abstinence than Whites, and the between-race difference in outcome was partially mediated by SABQ ratings. Conclusion: Blacks reported greater attention to smoking cues than Whites, possibly due to betweenrace differences in environments. Greater attention to smoking cues may undermine cessation attempts.

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The acute tobacco withdrawal syndrome among black smokers.

Cited by 17 publications

References 55 publications

Clinical Laboratory Evaluation of Electronic Cigarettes: Methodological Challenges

Clinical Laboratory Evaluation of Electronic Cigarettes: Methodological Challenges

Predictors of the Nicotine Dependence Behavior Time to the First Cigarette in a Multiracial Cohort

Black Cigarette Smokers Report More Attention to Smoking Cues Than White Smokers: Implications for Smoking Cessation

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