The African wildlife ontology tutorial ontologies

Abstract

Background: Most tutorial ontologies focus on illustrating one aspect of ontology development, notably language features and automated reasoners, but ignore ontology development factors, such as emergent modelling guidelines and ontological principles. Yet, novices replicate examples from the exercise they carry out. Not providing good examples holistically causes the propagation of sub-optimal ontology development, which may negatively affect the quality of a real domain ontology. Results: We identified 22 requirements that a good tutorial ontology should satisfy regarding subject domain, logics and reasoning, and engineering aspects. We developed a set of ontologies about African Wildlife to serve as tutorial ontologies. A majority of the requirements have been met with the set of African Wildlife Ontology tutorial ontologies, which are introduced in this paper. The African Wildlife Ontology is mature and has been used yearly in an ontology engineering course or tutorial since 2010 and is included in a recent ontology engineering textbook with relevant examples and exercises. Conclusion: The African Wildlife Ontology provides a wide range of options concerning examples and exercises for ontology engineering well beyond illustrating just language features and automated reasoning. It assists in demonstrating tasks concerning ontology quality, such as alignment to a foundational ontology and satisfying competency questions, versioning, and multilingual ontologies.

Reason-able embeddings: Learning concept embeddings with a transferable neural reasoner

“…-Software Ontology 5 (SWO) with 4068 classes, 52 object properties and 7683 axioms [57] -Stuff ontology 6 (Stuff) with 193 classes, 57 object properties and 717 axioms [45] -African Wildlife Ontology 7 (AWO) with 31 classes, 5 object properties and 56 axioms [46] -Dementia Ambient Care ontology 8 (Dem@Care) with 261 classes, 72 object properties and 695 axioms [18] -Ontology of Datatypes 9 (OntoDT) with 406 classes, 16 object properties and 947 axioms [67] The ontologies were preprocessed according to the procedure described earlier.…”

FOO: An Upper-Level Ontology for the Forest Observatory

“…For implementation, we searched the existing literature for relevant ontologies. We found many of them, such as SAREF 5 , IoT-lite 6 , SWEET 7 and African wildlife ontology [3]. We chose to reuse the self-contained ontology Sensor, Observation, Sample and Actuator (SOSA) [2] from the second version of the Semantic Sensor Network (SSN) Ontology [1] as it closely matches our requirements.…”

“…Over the past 15 years, the Danau Griang Field Centre (DGFC) 3 , a scientific research facility in Sabah, Malaysia, has collected various data. Collars with GPS chips have been put on elephants, and images from camera traps are also available.…”

The Development of a Quantum-based Ontology for the Description of the Reality Experienced in NDEs by Using Computerized NLP Analytics

“…At the other end, a domain ontology contains specific concepts for a defined and limited domain, and it will present how the divergent concepts that define a domain are related to one another. As indicated by (Keet, 2020), there are several specific approaches for ontology development. Notwithstanding, after reviewing the available documentation for these approaches, it remained difficult to identify a specific set of instructions that could be followed to proceed with the design phase.…”