The algal polysaccharide ulvan suppresses growth of hepatoma cells

Abstract

Treatment for tumors depends on host immune system. The antitumor and immunoregulatory activities of Ulva lactuca polysaccharide (ULP) were evaluated in H22 tumorbearing mice and cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice, respectively.The structural properties of ULP were identified through multi-angle laser light scattering, high-performance liquid chromatography, Fourier-transformed infrared, and nuclear magnetic resonance. It was composed of -D-Manp-(1→, →2,4)--L-Rhap-(1→, -D-GlcpA-(1→, -GalpA-(1→, →2,4)--D-Glcp-(1→, and →6)--D-Galp-(1→ with the molecular weight of 1.46 × 10 5 Da. Its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor effects were determined. Liver and tumor tissues were collected for histopathological, immunohistochemical, and western blotting analysis. ULP showed the great tumor growth inhibition of 74.41% compared with cyclophosphamide, which has side effects This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. c ○ 2020 The Authors. Food Frontiers published Food Frontiers. 2020;1:83-101. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/fft2 83 84 ZHAO ET AL. on immune system. ULP enhanced the expression of p53 to inhibit tumorigenesis, promoted the activation of IKK , and inhibited the activation of p65 within the NF-B pathway. ULP inhibited the tumor growth through downregulating the expressions of PI3K/Akt and mTOR, and promoting BAX/Bcl-2 ratio. The inhibition of TRAF2/TNF-and CD31/VEGF achieved a direct killing effect on tumor cells and inhibited tumor proliferation by inhibiting angiogenesis, respectively. Moreover, ULP increased the levels of immunoglobulin M and total superoxide dismutase, decreased the level of methane dicarboxylic aldehyde, and inhibited the activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR/p70S6k pathways. The results showed that ULP exhibited pronounced antitumor activity and immunoregulatory effect. K E Y W O R D Santitumor, green alga, immunoregulation, structure, Ulva lactuca, ulvan

Antihyperuricemic Effect of Green Alga Ulva lactuca Ulvan through Regulating Urate Transporters

“…The different groups of mice were continuously treated with saline (normal and model), allopurinol solution (10 mg/kg, positive group), and ULP (300 mg/kg, ULP group) for 2 weeks. The selection of dosage was based on previous research, which was equal to 1459.4 mg/day in a 60 kg adult. , The body weight and feces were collected before the final execution. After all of the mice were sacrificed, the liver, kidneys, and blood samples were collected.…”

“…The selection of dosage was based on previous research, which was equal to 1459.4 mg/day in a 60 kg adult. 29,31 The body weight and feces were collected before the final execution. After all of the mice were sacrificed, the liver, kidneys, and blood samples were collected.…”

“…Lycium barbarum polysaccharides exerted antihyperuricemic activity by upregulation of UA excretion genes OAT1 and OAT3 , downregulation of UA resorption gene GLUT9 , and inhibiting xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity . The green algae Ulva species, commonly used in the diet, were widely investigated for their pharmacological activities. − Abundant bioactive components, especially polysaccharides, have lately been isolated from Ulva species, and their bioactive effects have been identified, including hypoglycemic, antioxidant, and antitumor , activities.…”

“…24 The green algae Ulva species, commonly used in the diet, were widely investigated for their pharmacological activities. 25−27 Abundant bioactive components, especially polysaccharides, have lately been isolated from Ulva species, and their bioactive effects have been identified, including hypoglycemic, 27 antioxidant, 25 and antitumor 28,29 activities.…”

A new polysaccharide from Caulerpa chemnitzia induces molecular shifts of immunomodulation on macrophages RAW264.7

“…As algae are important marine resources with of a great variety of polysaccharides. Recently, due to their various biological activities, natural polysaccharides extracted from marine algae have attracted researchers' attention such as Porphyra haitanensis polysaccharide with antioxidant and immunostimulatory activities ( Gong et al, 2020 ), Ulvan suppresses polysaccharide with antitumor and immunoregulatory activities ( Zhao et al, 2020 ), Ulva pertusa polysaccharide with antiviral activity ( Chi, Zhang, Wang, Fu, Guan, & Wang, 2020 ), Chaetomorpha linum polysaccharide with anticoagulant activity ( Qin et al, 2020 ), Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharide with wound healing activity ( Veeraperumal et al, 2020 ), Saccharina japonica polysaccharide with anti-inflammatory activity ( Ni et al, 2020 ), non-digestible polysaccharides with anti-obesity effect ( Lin et al, 2021 , Zhang et al, 2021 )), and fucoidan extracted from brown algae, which exert anti-cancer activity ( Oliveira, Neves, Reis, Martins, & Silva, 2020 ). In-depth investigation on marine alga polysaccharides with biological activities can provide novel insights for the treatment of diseases, and also as functional food.…”