The alpine violet, Viola biflora, is a rich source of cyclotides with potent cytotoxicity

Herrmann, Anders; Burman, Robert; Mylne, Joshua S.; Karlsson, Gustav; Gullbo, Joachim; Craik, David J.; Clark, Richard J.; Göransson, Ulf

doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.10.023

Cited by 131 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The native Mö bius cyclotides, kalata B1 and B2, and the hybrid cyclotide (i.e., part Mö bius, part bracelet), kalata B8, were isolated from Oldenlandia affinis, whereas the bracelet cyclotide cycloviolacin O2 was isolated from Viola odorata as described previously (24,32). In short, plant materials were extracted using dichloromethane=methanol (1=1, v=v) or ethanol=water (1=1, v=v).…”

Section: Isolation and Reduction Of Cyclotidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interlocking Disulfides in Circular Proteins: Toward Efficient Oxidative Folding of Cyclotides

Aboye

Clark

Burman

et al. 2011

Antioxidants & Redox Signaling

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Cyclotides are ultrastable plant proteins characterized by the presence of a cyclic amide backbone and three disulfide bonds that form a cystine knot. Because of their extreme stability, there has been significant interest in developing these molecules as a drug design scaffold. For this potential to be realized, efficient methods for the synthesis and oxidative folding of cyclotides need to be developed, yet we currently have only a basic understanding of the folding mechanism and the factors influencing this process. In this study, we determine the major factors influencing oxidative folding of the different subfamilies of cyclotides. The folding of all the cyclotides examined was heavily influenced by the concentration of redox reagents, with the folding rate and final yield of the native isomer greatly enhanced by high concentrations of oxidized glutathione. Addition of hydrophobic solvents to the buffer also enhanced the folding rates and appeared to alter the folding pathway. Significant deamidation and isoaspartate formation were seen when oxidation conditions were conducive to slow folding. The identification of factors that influence the folding and degradation pathways of cyclotides will facilitate the development of folding screens and optimized conditions for producing cyclotides and grafted analogs as stable peptide-based therapeutics. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 14, 77-86.

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Section: Isolation and Reduction Of Cyclotidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interlocking Disulfides in Circular Proteins: Toward Efficient Oxidative Folding of Cyclotides

Aboye

Clark

Burman

et al. 2011

Antioxidants & Redox Signaling

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“…Initially, it was surprising that only a limited number of cyclotides had been found in sporadically distributed members of the Rubiaceae, yet in every member of the Violaceae we examined, we found cyclotides [2,3,50]. The Violaceae and Rubiaceae are not closely related phylogenetically, and in early studies there was no evidence of cyclotides in other plant families.…”

Section: Circling the Enemy: Pesticidal Activities Of Cyclotidesmentioning

confidence: 78%

Cyclotides: macrocyclic peptides with applications in drug design and agriculture

Craik

Mylne

Daly

2009

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

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Cyclotides are disulfide-rich peptides from plants that are exceptionally stable as a result of their unique cyclic cystine knot structural motif. Their natural role is thought to be as plant defence agents, most notably against insect pests, but they also have potential applications in drug design and agriculture. This article identifies gaps in current knowledge on cyclotides and suggests future directions for research into this fascinating family of ultra-stable mini-proteins.

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“…Today, around 150 cyclotides have been reported from species of three plant families, Violaceae, Rubiaceae and Cucurbitaceae. The family Violaceae seems to be particularly rich in these proteins [44][45][46][47] and a single Violaceae species may contain more than 60 different cyclotides. It has been suggested that there might be 9,000 cyclotides in the Violaceae alone [48].…”

Section: Plant Peptides and Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting Colon Drug Delivery by Natural Products

Kim¹

2012

Inflammatory Bowel Disease

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The alpine violet, Viola biflora, is a rich source of cyclotides with potent cytotoxicity

Cited by 131 publications

References 41 publications

Interlocking Disulfides in Circular Proteins: Toward Efficient Oxidative Folding of Cyclotides

Interlocking Disulfides in Circular Proteins: Toward Efficient Oxidative Folding of Cyclotides

Cyclotides: macrocyclic peptides with applications in drug design and agriculture

Targeting Colon Drug Delivery by Natural Products

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