The Ames mutagenicity assay applied to a range of soils

Jones, Kevin C.; Peace, E.A.

doi:10.1016/0045-6535(89)90055-6

Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The present study incorporated samples polluted with PAHs from a number of anthropogenic sources, including soils from gasworks, coke production sites, and sites where wood preservatives were heavily used; ash and soot from municipal solid waste incinerators; antiskid sand; and dust from areas with high volumes of road traffic. All the selected bioassays had been used previously to assess the biological effects of PAHs, and they included test systems that could be performed on soils and extracts from soils [18–23]. The soil samples were analyzed to determine their inhibition of dehydrogenase activity (DHA), root growth ( Hordeum vulgare ), and reproduction of springtails ( Folsomia candida ) [18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All samples were then extracted and screened using an algal ( Desmodesmus subspicatus ) growth test [20]. Responses to extracts of the soil samples also were evaluated in germinability ( Sinapis alba), Vibrio fisheri , DR‐CALUX, and Ames Salmonella assays [19,21–23]. Hence, the assays covered a range of biological complexity (cells, bacteria, microorganism, plants, and insects) as well as different stages of development (first stages of ontogenesis: H. vulgare, S. alba ; growth: algae; reproduction: F. candida ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of potentially toxic compounds in complex extracts of environmental samples using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry and multivariate data analysis

Bergknut

Kucera

Frech

et al. 2007

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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In this study, we examined 31 samples of varying chemical composition, including samples of soils from gasworks, coke production sites, and sites where wood preservatives were heavily used; ash and soot from municipal solid waste incinerators; antiskid sand; and dust from areas with heavy road traffic. The samples were comprehensively chemically characterized, especially their polycyclic aromatic compound contents, using gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry, whereas their biological effects were assessed using dehydrogenase activity, root growth (Hordeum vulgare), reproduction of springtails (Folsomia candida), algal growth (Desmodesmus subspicatus), germinability (Sinapis alba), Vibrio fischeri, DR-CALUX, and Ames Salmonella assays. The number of compounds detected in the samples ranged from 123 to 527. Using the multivariate regression technique of partial-least-squares projections to latent structures, it was possible to find individual compounds that exhibited strong correlations with the different biological responses. Some of the results, however, indicate that a broader chemical characterization may be needed to identify all the compounds that may cause the measured biological responses.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of potentially toxic compounds in complex extracts of environmental samples using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry and multivariate data analysis

Bergknut

Kucera

Frech

et al. 2007

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Mutagenicity of an aged gasworks soil during bioslurry treatment

Lemieux

Lynes

White

et al. 2009

Environ and Mol Mutagen

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This study investigated changes in the mutagenic activity of organic fractions from soil contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during pilot-scale bioslurry remediation. Slurry samples were previously analyzed for changes in PAH and polycyclic aromatic compound content, and this study examined the correspondence between the chemical and toxicological metrics. Nonpolar neutral and semipolar aromatic fractions of samples obtained on days 0, 3, 7, 24, and 29 of treatment were assayed for mutagenicity using the Salmonella mutation assay. Most samples elicited a significant positive response on Salmonella strains TA98, YG1041, and YG1042 with and without S9 metabolic activation; however, TA100 failed to detect mutagenicity in any sample. Changes in the mutagenic activity of the fractions across treatment time and metabolic activation conditions suggests a pattern of formation and transformation of mutagenic compounds that may include a wide range of PAH derivatives such as aromatic amines, oxygenated PAHs, and S-heterocyclic compounds. The prior chemical analyses documented the formation of oxygenated PAHs during the treatment (e.g., 4-oxapyrene-5-one), and the mutagenicity analyses showed high corresponding activity in the semipolar fraction with and without metabolic activation. However, it could not be verified that these specific compounds were the underlying cause of the observed changes in mutagenic activity. The results highlight the need for concurrent chemical and toxicological profiling of contaminated sites undergoing remediation to ensure elimination of priority contaminants as well as a reduction in toxicological hazard. Moreover, the results imply that remediation efficacy and utility be evaluated using both chemical and toxicological metrics. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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