The analyzer constant of top hat electrostatic analyzer: comparison between theory and simulations

Abstract

The top hat electrostatic analyzer is widely used to measure ion and electron fluxes variation in the relatively small region of space. The goal of this investigation is to report our findings about the difference of the analyzer constant K determined by two methods that are respectively the theory (K the ) and simulation (K sim ). Firstly, an analyzer is designed with the radius R 1 = 30 mm and the gap d = 2 mm, and the performance parameters of analyzer are obtained, including the analyzer constant K, energy resolution ∆E/E k , and pixel geometric factor GF through the theory model and simulation. Since the analyzer constant K can be obtained both from theory (K the ) and simulation (K sim ), a difference between the two has been obtained and, in particular, K the has resulted greater than K sim . Analyzing the structure of top hat electrostatic analyzer, we drew as a conclusion that the non-uniform electrostatic field in the region of top hat accelerates the incident ions and generates the difference for the analyzer constant K. To analysis and take into account the difference between K the and K sim , a function f(R 0 /d), which depends on the design parameters, are derived from the simulated results. K: Very low-energy charged particle detectors; Particle tracking detectors; Plasma diagnostics -charged-particle spectroscopy; Instrumentation for radioactive beams (fragmentation devices; fragment and isotope, separators incl. ISOL; isobar separators; ion and atom traps; weak-beam diagnostics; radioactive-beam ion sources) 1Corresponding author.

High-Resolving Conical Electrostatic Energy Analyzer for Plasma Flows Investigations

“…Nanotechnologies and biology [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. In the space plasma explorations [40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50]. Next we consider some applications of the electron spectroscopy devices for exploration of directed near-Earth space charged particle streams.…”

“…There are many well-known different types of electrostatic energy analyzers, which have been developed for solving various scientific and technological problems. Judging to number of publications, the most energy analyzers for space explorations are based on the different modifications of "top-hat" systems [41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49]. Hemispherical [55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64] and retarding field analyzers [64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72].…”

The All-sky Spectrometer of Hot Cosmic Plasma

“…The top-hat analyzer is still the focus of interest of many developers of devices for diagnostics of cosmic plasma, who propose ways to improve its parameters (Kazama 2013;Collinson et al 2018;Li et al 2018) and study the influence of various external factors on the main characteristics of the device (Allegrini et al 2016).…”