The Ancient Settlement of Ufa-II in the Golden Horde Period

Garustovich, Gennadij N; Ovsyannikov, V. V.; Ruslanov, Evgeny V.

doi:10.22162/2619-0990-2018-38-4-32-42

Cited by 1 publication

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“…Its territory with a variety of landscapes, abundance of rivers and lakes, and wealth of mineral resources has attracted people since the Early Paleolithic. World-famous archaeological sites such as the Shulgantash (Kapova) cave with Paleolithic paintings and site of ancient people and Mysovaya Paleolithic site was one of the first to be discovered in the region [1]; large copper mines -Bakr-Uzyak and Kargaly, developed in the Neolithic and Bronze Ages [2]; Filippovka 1 -an elite necropolis of nomads of 2500 BP, where 3000 objects were found, including beautiful works of art made of precious metals [3,4]; the Ufa II settlements with a cultural layer of 4 m of thickness, which functioned from the first centuries AD [5]. Archaeologists investigated hundreds of region monuments of different Holocene chronosequence [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex Study of Settlements Dating from Paleolithic to Medieval Ages of Southern Urals on Border of Europe and Asia

Prikhodko,

Savelev,

Kotov

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Soil, geochemical, microbiological and archaeological studies were conducted at eight settlements dating from the Paleolithic to Late Medieval and New Times near the Southern Trans-Urals mountains, Russia. The forest-steppe landscapes, rivers and abundance of mineral resources have attracted people to region since ancient times. Properties of cultural layer (CLs): close to neutral pH, well structured, absence of salinity, enrichment with exchangeable calcium and anthropogenic phosphorus (0.2–0.4%). The majority of CLs start from 3–25 cm and last up to 40–60 cm and contain 6–10% organic carbon (Corg), in a layer of 0–20 cm because modern processes are developing here, at Ishkulovo site (around 14th century) Corg decreases to 1.3%, because CL is below 80 cm and in the absence of fresh organic material it is mineralized. The content of microbial biomass of the 0–10 cm layer is 520–680 μg С/g of soil, microbes cause the emission of 0.2–1.0 μg C–CO2/g soil per h. The proximity of the studied sites to deposits of copper, chromium, zinc, manganese and Magnitogorsk Metallurgical and Uchaly processing plants creates geochemical anomalies of soils. Pollutants are also released into the CLs from bronze products, ore, ceramic fragments and raw materials from their manufacture. It leads to the concentration of pollutants of the 1st (arsenic, lead, zinc) and 2nd (cobalt, copper, nickel, chromium) hazard classes in the studied CLs, often in quantities higher than the clarke and less often – more than the allowable content for human health.

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