The ancient tropical rainforest tree Symphonia globulifera L. f. (Clusiaceae) was not restricted to postulated Pleistocene refugia in Atlantic Equatorial Africa

Budde, Katharina B.; González‐Martínez, Santiago C.; Hardy, Olivier J.; Heuertz, Myriam

doi:10.1038/hdy.2013.21

Cited by 38 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(97 reference statements)

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“…(Amiet, ; Blackburn, ; Herrmann et al., ; Portik et al., ; Schmitz, Euskirchen, & Böhme, ). Comparative evidence from other taxonomic groups is limited, but elevated genetic diversity or patterns of divergence across the CVL have been documented in plants (Budde, González‐Martínez, Hardy, & Heuertz, ; Hardy et al., ), birds (Smith et al., ), and chameleons (Barej et al., ). Together, this suggests that endemic diversity in this mountainous region has accumulated in a relatively short period of time—a hypothesis that can be further tested by estimating divergence times of other co‐occurring endemics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sky, sea, and forest islands: Diversification in the African leaf‐folding frog Afrixalus paradorsalis (Anura: Hyperoliidae) of the Lower Guineo‐Congolian rain forest

Charles

Bell

Blackburn

et al. 2018

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim To investigate how putative barriers, forest refugia, and ecological gradients across the lower Guineo‐Congolian rain forest shape genetic and phenotypic divergence in the leaf‐folding frog Afrixalus paradorsalis, and examine the role of adjacent land bridge and sky‐islands in diversification. Location The Lower Guineo‐Congolian Forest, the Cameroonian Volcanic Line (CVL), and Bioko Island, Central Africa. Taxon Afrixalus paradorsalis (Family: Hyperoliidae), an African leaf‐folding frog. Methods We used molecular and phenotypic data to investigate diversity and divergence among the A. paradorsalis species complex distributed across lowland rain forests, a land bridge island, and mountains in Central Africa. We examined the coincidence of population boundaries, landscape features, divergence times, and spatial patterns of connectivity and diversity, and subsequently performed demographic modelling using genome‐wide SNP variation to distinguish among divergence mechanisms in mainland (riverine barriers, forest refugia, ecological gradients) and land bridge island populations (vicariance, overwater dispersal). Results We detected four genetically distinct allopatric populations corresponding to Bioko Island, the CVL, and two lowland rain forest populations split by the Sanaga River. Although lowland populations are phenotypically indistinguishable, pronounced body size evolution occurs at high elevation, and the timing of the formation of the high elevation population coincides with mountain uplift in the CVL. Spatial analyses and demographic modelling revealed population divergence across mainland Lower Guinea is best explained by forest refugia rather than riverine barriers or ecological gradients, and that the Bioko Island population divergence is best explained by vicariance (marine incursion) rather than overseas dispersal. Main conclusions We provide growing support for the important role of forest refugia in driving intraspecific divergences in the Guineo‐Congolian rain forest. In A. paradorsalis, sky‐islands in the CVL have resulted in greater genetic and phenotypic divergences than marine incursions of the land bridge Bioko Island, highlighting important differences in patterns of island‐driven diversification in Lower Guinea.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sky, sea, and forest islands: Diversification in the African leaf‐folding frog Afrixalus paradorsalis (Anura: Hyperoliidae) of the Lower Guineo‐Congolian rain forest

Charles

Bell

Blackburn

et al. 2018

Journal of Biogeography

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“…As part of this work, outside the range of well‐fixed time priors based on models and scenarios to be tested, the choice of values of the priors for the effective population sizes remain problematic. Consistent with recent studies on African rain forest tree species (Budde et al ., ; Piñeiro et al ., in prep.) the A‐B‐C‐D models described above were based on Ne values distributed uniformly between 1,000 and 50,000 for phases of large population size, and N1 ranging uniformly between 10 and 500 for phases of small population size in case of bottleneck or decline scenarios.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Origin and history of the Dahomey Gap separating West and Central African rain forests: insights from the phylogeography of the legume tree Distemonanthus benthamianus

Demenou

Piñeiro

Hardy

2016

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim The aim of this study was to understand the origin of the forest flora currently found in the Dahomey Gap (DG), a 200‐km‐wide forest‐savanna mosaic separating the West African and Central African rain forest blocks. More specifically, using a widespread rain forest tree species, Distemonanthus benthamianus (Fabaceae), we will test the hypothesis that the DG populations are remnants of a population dating back from the African Humid Period of the Holocene, when West African and Central African rain forests were supposedly connected. Location Tropical forests of Upper Guinea (West Africa) and Lower Guinea (Atlantic Central Africa) and the forest‐savanna mosaic of the DG extending from eastern Ghana to Benin. Methods Four hundred and twenty‐nine D. benthamianus samples from West to Central Africa were genotyped with 11 nuclear microsatellite markers. After detecting geographically coherent gene pools, their genetic diversity and differentiation were estimated and their demographic histories were inferred using coalescent simulations and approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) tests. Results Five parapatric gene pools were identified: three in Lower Guinea, one in Upper Guinea and one in the DG. ABC tests indicate that the DG gene pool probably originates from the admixture of adjacent Upper and Lower Guinean gene pools, with a higher contribution from Upper Guinea, at a timeframe consistent with the early Holocene (around 13–7 ka). The lower genetic diversity documented in the DG could result from a founder effect and/or from a demographic decline consistent with the Holocene climatic pejoration documented around 3 ka. Main conclusions This phylogeographical study inferring the history of the DG populations of D. benthamianus is consistent with palaeovegetation data that suggest that the forest flora of the DG might be essentially relicts of the early Holocene period when the Guineo‐Congolian forest reached its maximum geographical distribution.

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“…To understand the genetic structure of mangroves across the entire IWP region, it is necessary to focus on species that are widespread across the region. Moreover, although coalescent-based population demographic inferences have started to provide a deeper understanding of the genetic diversity and structure of species and their history (e.g., [15][16][17]), this kind of approach has not yet been well conducted in mangrove species. Thus, further inferences of past demographic history of mangrove species can shed new light on not only the population genetics of mangrove species, but also mangrove forest management and conservation, as demonstrated in forest tree species [16,[18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Structure and Population Demographic History of a Widespread Mangrove Plant Xylocarpus granatum J. Koenig across the Indo-West Pacific Region

Tomizawa

Tsuda

Nazre

et al. 2017

Forests

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Xylocarpus granatum J. Koenig is one of the most widespread core component species of mangrove forests in the Indo-West Pacific (IWP) region, and as such is suitable for examining how genetic structure is generated across spatiotemporal scales. We evaluated the genetic structure of this species using maternally inherited chloroplast (cp) and bi-parentally inherited nuclear DNA markers, with samples collected across the species range. Both cp and nuclear DNA showed generally similar patterns, revealing three genetic groups in the Indian Ocean, South China Sea (with Palau), and Oceania, respectively. The genetic diversity of the Oceania group was significantly lower, and the level of population differentiation within the Oceania group was significantly higher, than in the South China Sea group. These results revealed that in addition to the Malay Peninsula-a common land barrier for mangroves-there is a genetic barrier in an oceanic region of the West Pacific that prevents gene flow among populations. Moreover, demographic inference suggested that these patterns were generated in relation to sea level changes during the last glacial period and the emergence of Sahul Shelf which lied northwest of Australia. We propose that the three genetic groups should be considered independent conservation units, and that the Oceania group has a higher conservation priority.

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The ancient tropical rainforest tree Symphonia globulifera L. f. (Clusiaceae) was not restricted to postulated Pleistocene refugia in Atlantic Equatorial Africa

Cited by 38 publications

References 64 publications

Sky, sea, and forest islands: Diversification in the African leaf‐folding frog Afrixalus paradorsalis (Anura: Hyperoliidae) of the Lower Guineo‐Congolian rain forest

Sky, sea, and forest islands: Diversification in the African leaf‐folding frog Afrixalus paradorsalis (Anura: Hyperoliidae) of the Lower Guineo‐Congolian rain forest

Origin and history of the Dahomey Gap separating West and Central African rain forests: insights from the phylogeography of the legume tree Distemonanthus benthamianus

Genetic Structure and Population Demographic History of a Widespread Mangrove Plant Xylocarpus granatum J. Koenig across the Indo-West Pacific Region

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