The Anti-Staphylococcal Potential of Ethanolic Polish Propolis Extracts

Grecka, Katarzyna; Kuś, Piotr Marek; Okińczyc, Piotr; Worobo, Randy W.; Walkusz, Justyna; Szweda, Piotr

doi:10.3390/molecules24091732

Cited by 59 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…In many works have been demonstrated that propolys possess activity rather against Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative ones [4,6,25,23]. The trend has also been confirmed in our study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

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The in vitro antimicrobial efficacy of Polish propolis and five plant extracts against selected bacteria and fungi

Czyżewski¹,

Kierzkowska²,

Majewska³

et al. 2019

Med Og Nauk Zdr.

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Objectives. Recently, there has been interest in the use of natural products or well-known propolys as antimicrobial agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of Polish propolis and Plantago lanceolate L., Quercus cortex, Uncaria tomentosa, Sideritis scardica, Trifolium pratense L. extracts, and the antimicrobial effects of propolis with several plant extracts available in local stores. Materials and method. The substances were tested for antimicrobial activity using disc diffusion test against 9 human pathogens: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus methicillin-resistant (MRSA), and sensitive to methicillin (MSSA), Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, and clinical strains of Bacteroides fragilis, Candida albicans, Clostridium difficile. Results. Q. cortex extracts showed the strongest antimicrobial activity. The methanolic extract was stronger than the aqueous extract and exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, including MRSA strain, S. epidermidis and C. difficile. Polish propolys most efficiently inhibited the growth of S. aureus strains. All plants extracts and propolis were ineffective against B. fragilis. After simultaneous administration of propolys with aqueous and methanolic extracts of Q. cortex and Q. cortex with U. tomentosa, the antifungal effect was improved. Conclusions. 1) Propolys possess better activity against Gram-positive than Gram-negative bacteria. 2) Q. cortex coadministered with propolys and Q. cortex together with U. tomentosa extract demonstrated stronger inhibitory effects against C. albicans than individual plant extracts.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Propolis has been used successfully for ages and has many spasmolytic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anesthetic, astringent, antiseptic, antibacterial, antimycotic antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties, and it is relatively nontoxic [4,5,6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The in vitro antimicrobial efficacy of Polish propolis and five plant extracts against selected bacteria and fungi

Czyżewski¹,

Kierzkowska²,

Majewska³

et al. 2019

Med Og Nauk Zdr.

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“…Eight, six and seven out of seventeenths compounds tested inhibited the growth of S. aureus ATCC 25923, S. aureus ATCC 29,213 and S. epidermidis respectively at a concentration equal to 1 µg/mL or lower. This level of activity is comparable to the activity of many antibacterial antibiotics (Table 2) [7,31,32]. The tested antibiotics exhibited activity with the range of MIC from 0.125 to 16.0 µg/mL in the case of staphylococci.…”

Section: Chemistrysupporting

confidence: 73%

“…Over the past decades, this bacterium has become the main cause of bloodstream infections (BSI) in the world, with a mortality level of 20-40% [5]. Recent advances in the developments of antistaphylococcal agents are presented in works on search of new non-antibiotic agents: peptidoglycan hydrolases compounds of plant origin (plant extracts, essential oils and their components) [6][7][8][9], vaccines development [8], silver nanoparticles [10], bacteriocins [11], and bacteriophages [12]. Currently, the most reasonable approach for understanding the crucial cellular pathways by which unknown to date (or not used as antimicrobial agents) molecules affect pathogenic microorganisms at a molecular level seems to be transcriptome analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthra[1,2-d][1,2,3]triazine-4,7,12(3H)-triones as a New Class of Antistaphylococcal Agents: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation

et al. 2019

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The development and spread of resistance of human pathogenic bacteria to the action of commonly used antibacterial drugs is one of the key problems in modern medicine. One of the especially dangerous and easily developing antibiotic resistant bacterial species is Staphylococcus aureus. Anthra[1,2-d][1,2,3]triazine-4,7,12(3H)-triones 22–38 have been developed as novel effective antistaphylococcal agents. These compounds have been obtained by sequential conversion of 1-amino-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracene-2-carboxylic acid (1) and 1-amino-4-bromo-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracene-2-carboxylic acid (2) into the corresponding amides 5–21, followed by subsequent endo-cyclization under the influence of sodium nitrite in acetic acid. Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds against selected species of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as pathogenic yeasts of the Candida genus has been carried out by the serial dilution method. It has been established that anthra[1,2-d][1,2,3]triazine-4,7,12(3H)-triones exhibit selective antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Eight, six and seven, out of seventeen compounds tested, effectively inhibited the growth of S. aureus ATCC 25923, S. aureus ATCC 29213 and S. epidermidis ATCC12228, respectively, at a concentration equal to 1 µg/mL or lower. The high antistaphylococcal potential of the most active compounds has been also confirmed against clinical isolates of S. aureus, including the MRSA strains. However, bacteria of the Staphylococcus genus have demonstrated apparent resistance to the novel compounds when grown as a biofilm. None of the four selected compounds 3234 and 36 at a concentration of 64 µg/mL (128 or 256 × MIC—against planktonic cells) has caused any decrease in the metabolic activity of the staphylococcal cells forming the biofilm. The kinetic time–kill assay revealed some important differences in the activity of these substances. Compound 33 is bacteriostatic, while the other three demonstrate bactericidal activity.

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“…Our preliminary research confirmed the high efficiency of ethanolic extract of propolis (EEPs) against staphylococci growing in the form of biofilms. However, significant differences were observed in the activity of the samples, and there was a strong correlation between concentration of phenolic components and the efficacy of the propolis extracts [ 19 ]. This current study is a more detailed analysis of the influence of the ethanolic extract of propolis (with confirmed high polyphenols content) on S. epidermidis ATCC 35984 biofilm using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Ethanol Extracts of Propolis (EEPs) against Staphylococcal Biofilm—Microscopic Studies

et al. 2020

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Staphylococci growing in the form of biofilm exhibit high resistance to a plethora of antibiotics. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of ethanolic extract of propolis (EEPs) on S. epidermidis ATCC 35984 biofilm using fluorescent microscopy. Propidium iodide (PI) and SYTO 9 were used for differentiation of live and dead cells, and calcofluor white was used to stain the extracellular matrix, the self-produced extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The outcomes of the research confirm the promising potential of EEPs for eradication of staphylococcal biofilm. However, its activity cannot be classified as fully satisfactory, either in terms of the effectiveness of elimination of bacterial cells or disturbing the EPS structure. A two or even four times higher concentration of EEPs compared to MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) against planktonic cells (128 µg/mL) was necessary for effective (estimated for 90%) elimination of living cells from the biofilm structure. Unfortunately, even at that concentration of EEPs, the extracellular matrix was only partially disturbed and effectively protected the residual population of living cells of S. epidermidis ATCC 35984. In our opinion, a combination of EEPs with agents disrupting components of EPS, e.g., proteases, lysines, or enzymes degrading extracellular DNA or PIA (polysaccharide intercellular adhesin).

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The Anti-Staphylococcal Potential of Ethanolic Polish Propolis Extracts

Cited by 59 publications

References 78 publications

The in vitro antimicrobial efficacy of Polish propolis and five plant extracts against selected bacteria and fungi

The in vitro antimicrobial efficacy of Polish propolis and five plant extracts against selected bacteria and fungi

Anthra[1,2-d][1,2,3]triazine-4,7,12(3H)-triones as a New Class of Antistaphylococcal Agents: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation

Effect of Ethanol Extracts of Propolis (EEPs) against Staphylococcal Biofilm—Microscopic Studies

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