The Anticancer and Anti-inflammatory Effects of <i>Centaurea solstitialis</i> Extract on Human Cancer Cell Lines

Abstract

Bitkilerden elde edilen doğal ürünler, kanser dahil çeşitli hastalıkların tedavisinde uzun yıllardır kullanılmaktadır. Centaurea solstitialis subsp. solstitialis'in Türk geleneksel tıbbında yeri olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu araştırma, Muğla ilinden toplanan C. solstitialis'in çiçekli kısımlarından elde edilen etanolik özütün in vitro biyolojik etkilerini belirleyen ilk çalışmadır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Özütün Daudi, A549 ve HeLa kanser hücrelerine ve normal BEAS-2B hücre hattına karşı sitotoksik etkisi MTT (3-(4,5dimetiltiyazol-2-il)-2,5-dipeniltetrazolyum bromür) testi ile belirlendi. Apoptotik hücre ölümü akış sitometri analizi ve kaspaz-3 aktivite deneyleriyle araştırıldı. Özüt ile muamele edilen hücreler tarafından üretilen anjiyojenik faktör [vasküler endotel büyüme faktörü (VEGF)] salınımı ve sitokinlerden interlökin (IL)-lα, IL-6 ve tümör nekroz faktör (TNF)-α'nın salınımı enzim bağlı immünosorbent deneyi testleriyle ölçüldü. Bulgular: Bitki özütü kullanılan tüm kanser hücre hatlarına karşı sitotoksik etki gösterirken, özüte karşı en duyarlı hücrelerin 63.18 µg/mL and 69.27 µg/mL olan IC 50 değerleri ile sırasıyla HeLa ve Daudi hücreleri olduğu gözlendi. Seçici sitotoksisite HeLa ve normal BEAS-2B hücre hatları arasında tespit edildi. Bitki özütü S ve G2 fazlarında hücre döngüsü arrestine yol açtı. Buna ilave olarak, HeLa ve A549 hücrelerinde apoptotik hücre ölümü kaydedildi. Ayrıca bitki özütü A549 hücrelerinin VEGF salgılamasında anlamlı bir düşüşe yol açarken, A549 ile Daudi hücrelerinin IL-lα, IL-6 ve TNF-α salgılamasında önemli değişime neden oldu. Sonuç: Bu bulgular kanser tedavisi ve sitokin salgısının modülasyonunda gerekli olan doğal ilaçların geliştirilmesi için C. solstitialis'in çiçekli kısımlarının potansiyel bir kaynak olabileceğini göstermektedir. Anahtar kelimeler: Centaurea solstitialis, kanser hücre hatları, anti-kanser, anti-inflamatuar Objectives: Natural products originating from plants have been used for many years in the treatment of various diseases, including cancer. Centaurea solstitialis subsp. solstitialis is used in Turkish folk medicine. This study was the first to determine the in vitro biological effects of ethanolic extract from the flowering parts of C. solstitialis L. subsp. solstitialis collected from Muğla Province. Materials and Methods: The cytotoxic effect was evaluated against Daudi, A549, and HeLa cancer cells and one normal BEAS-2B cell line using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-dipenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. Flow cytometric analysis and the caspase-3 activity assay were performed to detect apoptotic cell death. Angiogenic factor [vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)] secretion and the release of interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α by cells treated with the extract were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The extract exhibited cytotoxic effects against all the cancer cell lines used but HeLa and Daudi were the most sensitive cells, with IC 50 values of 63.18 µg/mL and 69.27 µg/mL, respectively. Selective...

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In vitro antihepatocellular carcinoma activity of secondary metabolites of Centaurea kilaea Boiss.

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Assessment of Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities and Identification of Phenolic Compounds of Centaurea solstitialis and Urospermum picroides from Turkey

“…Our results suggested that these extracts have more cytotoxic potentials against MCF-7 and PC-3 cancer cell lines than against HEK293 cell lines, in other words the cancer cell lines used herein were more sensitive to both extracts than HEK293 cell line. In contrast, the IC50 values of the ethanolic extract of the flowering parts of C. solstitialis on HeLa (cervix adenocarcinoma), Daudi (Burkitt's lymphoma, CCL-213), A549 (lung adenocarcinoma) and BEAS-2B (normal bronchial epithelium) human cell lines at 72 h were reported to be 63.18, 69.27, 252.5 and 75.25 μg mL -1 , respectively [7]. Erenler and coauthors [47] stated that, at 500 μg mL -1 , the methanolic extract of stem parts of C. solstitialis L. ssp.…”

“…Centaurea L., which is a medicinal genus belonging to the Asteraceae family, is represented with 217 taxa 60% of which are endemic to Turkey [2]. Members of this genus were proposed to have several biological activities such as antioxidant [3,4], antimicrobial [5] and antiproliferative [6,7] effects. Centaurea solstitialis L. (yellow star thistle) which grows all over Turkey is used for herpes infections around the lips, malaria, upset stomachs, common colds, hemorrhoids, peptic ulcer and abdominal pain [8][9][10][11].…”