“…The development of plastic/metal composite materials, which involve adhesion of plastic and metal plate and/or electroless metal plating on plastic, is one of the most significant technologies on account of their light weight, high recyclability, steady physical properties, and low production cost. For example, the superior properties of heat resistance, corrosion resistance, and high mechanical strength to weight ratio allow polypropylene (PP)–metal composites to be widely used in various fields, such as in the manufacture of automotive, electronics, and packaging. − In general, however, because of the low adhesion strength of nonpolar PP to hydrophilic metals, it is necessary to modify PP surfaces to increase surface energy without any change in their bulk properties.…”