The Architecture of Colloidal Quantum Dot Solar Cells: Materials to Devices

Kramer, Illan J.; Sargent, Edward H.

doi:10.1021/cr400299t

Cited by 465 publications

(356 citation statements)

References 254 publications

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“…Each of the four synthesized particle types, pure CdSe NPs and the different Pt-decorated ones, were assembled to monolayers by the Langmuir-Blodgett technique using diethylene glycol as sub-phase 30 and finally deposited on top of the Au electrodes as monolayers as shown in Figure 3a and b (for TEM images see Supporting Information). 6 …”

Section: Hybrid Nanoparticle Monolayer Device Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal Domain Size Dependent Electrical Transport in Pt-CdSe Hybrid Nanoparticle Monolayers

Meyns¹,

Willing²,

Lehmann³

et al. 2015

ACS Nano

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Thin films prepared of semiconductor nanoparticles are promising for low-cost electronic applications such as transistors and solar cells. One hurdle for their breakthrough is their notoriously low conductivity. To address this, we precisely decorate CdSe nanoparticles with platinum domains of one to three nanometers in diameter by a facile and robust seeded growth method. We demonstrate the transition from semiconductor to metal dominated conduction in monolayered films. By adjusting the platinum content in such solutionprocessable hybrid, oligomeric nanoparticles the dark currents through deposited arrays become tunable while maintaining electronic confinement and photoconductivity.Comprehensive electrical measurements allow determining the reigning charge transport mechanisms.Keywords: Colloidal hybrid nanoparticles, electrical transport, photoconductivity, size effects, Langmuir-Blodgett deposition 2 Continuous progress in the control of nanoparticle (NP) size, composition, and shape has led to unprecedented possibilities in material design targeting applications as diverse as medical therapy and diagnostics and solid state devices. 1 Nanoparticle thin-film devices are studied and applied in various contexts, especially with regard to their optoelectronic and electronic properties. 2 The solution processability of nanoparticle building blocks makes them particularly attractive for applications such as photovoltaics, 3-6 light emitting diodes, 7-9 as well as chemical sensing and photodetection. [10][11][12][13][14] The fundamental electrical properties of single material systems consisting of either semiconductor or metal nanoparticles have been studied especially with respect to quantum-mechanical coupling phenomena, [15][16][17][18][19][20] Coulombblockade behavior, 21,22 transistor characteristics, [23][24][25] and photo conductivity. 20,26,27 Nanoparticles prepared by colloidal chemistry can be arranged into ordered arrays by a variety of methods. Among them are the widely applied spin-coating, self-assembly, 28,29 and the Langmuir-Blodgett technique. 30 In particular, the latter relies on a stabilizing layer of organic surfactants that enables the dispersion and assembly of nanoparticles on a liquid sub-phase. While highly ordered films can be achieved, a big drawback of this method is the creation of spatial and energetic barriers between adjacent nanoparticles by the organic stabilizers. This usually leads to a high resistivity of the arrays. 31 (CZTS) and Au were recently reported to improve the photoresponse and -stability compared to pure CZTS multi-layered photodetectors. 51 Increasing the current in a semiconductor nanoparticle array by deposition of metallic domains seems intuitive. Anyhow, it is less clear how the metal domain size and thus the degree of coupling between the domains influences the dark and especially the photocurrents. In the following, we report on the synthesis of well-defined oligomeric Pt-CdSe HNPs by a simple seeded-growth approach and the effect of Pt domain size ...

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Section: Hybrid Nanoparticle Monolayer Device Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal Domain Size Dependent Electrical Transport in Pt-CdSe Hybrid Nanoparticle Monolayers

Meyns¹,

Willing²,

Lehmann³

et al. 2015

ACS Nano

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“…Furthermore, while all three reports use different materials and/or material structures, they broadly follow the conventional PV device concept of a depleted heterojunction. As the latter architectural considerations of conventional QD-based solar cells are not within the focus of this review, we refer the interested reader to other articles provided in the literature [106][107][108].…”

Section: Meg In Qd-based Solar Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the major loss processes in conventional QD solar cells (i.e. singleexciton decay and bi-molecular recombination) operate on nano-to microsecond timescales [107]. By contrast, in efficient, MEG-exploiting devices, the separation of the multiple-exciton state and subsequent charge extraction must proceed much faster (<10 s of ps) in order to supress performance-deteriorating processes such as Auger recombination and trion formation.…”

Section: Future Directions and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple exciton generation in quantum dot-based solar cells

et al. 2017

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Multiple exciton generation (MEG) in quantumconfined semiconductors is the process by which multiple bound charge-carrier pairs are generated after absorption of a single high-energy photon. Such charge-carrier multiplication effects have been highlighted as particularly beneficial for solar cells where they have the potential to increase the photocurrent significantly. Indeed, recent research efforts have proved that more than one chargecarrier pair per incident solar photon can be extracted in photovoltaic devices incorporating quantum-confined semiconductors. While these proof-of-concept applications underline the potential of MEG in solar cells, the impact of the carrier multiplication effect on the device performance remains rather low. This review covers recent advancements in the understanding and application of MEG as a photocurrent-enhancing mechanism in quantum dot-based photovoltaics.

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“…The trend towards a widespread affordable use of solar energy has aroused the researchers' attention to thin-film-based solar cells. 5 Especially metal halide perovskites (CH3NH3PbX3, X=Cl-,Br-,I-) perovskite-based hybrid solar cells are currently one of the most competitive candidates for the fabrication of solar cells as they were reported to achieve a remarkably high PCE of 26 %. 6 Different types of hole-transport materials (HTMs) such as poly(triarylamine)(PTAA), poly (3-hexylthiophee-2,5-diyl(P3HT), poly[2,6-(4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4Hcyclopenta[2,1-b;3,4-b']dithiophene)-alt-4,7-(2,1,3-be nzothiadiazole)(PCPDTBT), spiro-OMeTAD, poly (3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT), 4-(diethylamino)-benzaldehyde diphenylhydrazone (DEH), MoO 3 and CuSCN were developed to fabricate perovskite-solar-cell devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-efficiency perovskite solar cells improved with low-cost orthorhombic Cu2ZnSnS4 as the hole-transporting layer

Zuo¹,

Chen²,

Jiang³

et al. 2018

Mater. Tehnol.

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Quaternary copper chalcogenide Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized with the sol-gel technique and used as the hole-transporting layer (HTL), achieving a power-conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.41 %, which is the highest PCE for Cu-based inorganic HTLs. The effects of the CZTS HTL on the optical absorption, crystallinity, crystal plane orientation and hysteresis of the J-V curve for the devices with a perovskite film were investigated and compared with spiro-OMeTAD, revealing the role of CZTS in efficient hole transporting in perovskite solar cells. In addition to the traditional use of the light absorber, this study reveals a new role of CZTS in photovoltaics, acting as an HTL, providing a completely different insight into the CZTS development. Keywords: Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 , perovskite, solar cells, hole-transporting layer Avtorji prispevka so sintetizirali nanodelce (NPs; angl.: Nano-Particles) kvaternarnega bakrovega halkogenida Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) s sol-gel tehniko in jih uporabili kot transportno plast za praznine (HTL; angl.: hole transporting layer). S tem so dosegli 13,41 % u~inkovitost pretvorbe mo~i (PCE; angl.: Power Conversion Efficiency), kar je do sedaj najvi{ja dose`ena PCE z anorganskimi HTL-ji na osnovi Cu. Avtoriji so raziskali vpliv CZTS HTL na opti~no absorpcijo, kristalini~nost, orientacijo kristalne ravnine in histerezo J-V krivulje za naprave s perovskitnim filmom in ga primerjali s spiro-OMeTAD ter odkrili vlogo CZTS pri u~inkovitosti transporta praznin v perovskitnih son~nih celicah. Ta {tudija, dodatno k tradicionalni uporabi svetlobnih absorberjev, odkriva nov pomen CZTS v fotovoltaiki kot HTL, kar omogo~a popolnoma nov pogled v razvoju CZTS.

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The Architecture of Colloidal Quantum Dot Solar Cells: Materials to Devices

Cited by 465 publications

References 254 publications

Metal Domain Size Dependent Electrical Transport in Pt-CdSe Hybrid Nanoparticle Monolayers

Metal Domain Size Dependent Electrical Transport in Pt-CdSe Hybrid Nanoparticle Monolayers

Multiple exciton generation in quantum dot-based solar cells

High-efficiency perovskite solar cells improved with low-cost orthorhombic Cu2ZnSnS4 as the hole-transporting layer

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