The Arctic vortex in March 2011: a dynamical perspective

Hurwitz, M. M.; Newman, Paul A.; Garfinkel, Chaim I.

doi:10.5194/acp-11-11447-2011

Cited by 66 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This is probably because most of the previous studies focussed on the ozone behaviour in spring (e.g. Hurwitz et al, 2011;Manney et al, 2011;Sinnhuber et al, 2011;Balis et al, 2011;Arnone et al, 2012;.…”

Section: Low Arctic Ozone In January 2011mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In winterspring 2011, anomalously large ozone loss in the Arctic stratospheric polar vortex was reported (e.g. Hurwitz et al, 2011;Manney et al, 2011;Sinnhuber et al, 2011;Balis et al, 2011;Arnone et al, 2012;Adams et al, 2012;Pommereau et al, 2013). In March 2010, however, when the Arctic stratosphere was also extensively denitrified and large chlorine activation was observed Khosrawi et al, 2011;, polar ozone was unusually high Steinbrecht et al, 2011;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Chemical ozone loss and ozone mini-hole event during the Arctic winter 2010/2011 as observed by SCIAMACHY and GOME-2

et al. 2014

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Section: Low Arctic Ozone In January 2011mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical ozone loss and ozone mini-hole event during the Arctic winter 2010/2011 as observed by SCIAMACHY and GOME-2

et al. 2014

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“…Manney et al, 2011;Sinnhuber et al, 2011;Arnone et al, 2012;Kuttippurath et al, 2012;Hommel et al, 2014). The dynamical perspective, and thus the exceptional dynamical conditions of this winter, was discussed in detail by Hurwitz et al (2011), Isaksen et al (2012, Strahan et al (2013), and Shaw and Perlwitz (2014). Although the Arctic winter 2009/2010 was one of the warmest winters on record (Dörn-brack et al, 2012), it was distinguished by an exceptionally cold stratosphere (colder than the climatological mean) from mid-December 2009 to mid-January 2010, leading to prolonged PSC formation and significant denitrification (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of ECHAM5/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) simulations of the Arctic winter 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 with Envisat/MIPAS and Aura/MLS observations

et al. 2018

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Abstract. We present model simulations with the atmospheric chemistry-climate model ECHAM5/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) nudged toward European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERAInterim reanalyses for the Arctic winters 2009/2010 and 2010/2011. This study is the first to perform an extensive assessment of the performance of the EMAC model for Arctic winters as previous studies have only made limited evaluations of EMAC simulations which also were mainly focused on the Antarctic winter stratosphere. We have chosen the two extreme Arctic winters 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 to evaluate the formation of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) and the representation of the chemistry and dynamics of the polar winter stratosphere in EMAC. The EMAC simulations are compared to observations by the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Soundings (Envisat/MIPAS) and the observations from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (Aura/MLS). The Arctic winter 2010/2011 was one of the coldest stratospheric winters on record, leading to the strongest depletion of ozone measured in the Arctic. The Arctic winter 2009/2010 was, from the climatological perspective, one of the warmest stratospheric winters on record. However, it was distinguished by an exceptionally cold stratosphere (colder than the climatological mean) from mid-December 2009 to mid-January 2010, leading to prolonged PSC formation and existence. Significant denitrification, the removal of HNO 3 from the stratosphere by sedimentation of HNO 3 -containing polar stratospheric cloud particles, occurred in that winter. In our comparison, we focus on PSC formation and denitrification. The comparisons between EMAC simulations and satellite observations show that model and measurements compare well for these two Arctic winters (differences for HNO 3 generally within ±20 %) and thus that EMAC nudged toward ECMWF ERA-Interim reanalyses is capable of giving a realistic representation of the evolution of PSCs and associated sequestration of gas-phase HNO 3 in the polar winter stratosphere. However, simulated PSC volume densities are smaller than the ones derived from Envisat/MIPAS observations by a factor of 3-7. Further, PSCs in EMAC are not simulated as high up (in altitude) as they are observed. This underestimation of PSC volume density and vertical extension of the PSCs results in an underestimation of the vertical redistribution of HNO 3 due to denitrification/re-nitrification. The differences found here between model simulations and observations stipulate further improvements in the EMAC set-up for simulating PSCs.

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“…Figure 3 shows features of the boreal stratosphere in the winter and spring of 2010. In terms of boreal ozone chemistry 2010 is a typical year (Hurwitz et al, 2011). None of the qualitative features that we have pointed out in Figs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Furthermore, there is no boreal polar jet in the spring (had an ozone hole formed in the winter, the meridional transport barrier associated with the springtime boreal polar jet would be needed to isolate the ozonedepleted air). Hurwitz et al (2011) have shown that in the satellite era, the years 1997 and 2011 are distinguished from other years by unusually low Arctic winter/spring ozone levels. With this in mind, it is natural to investigate the Lagrangian dynamics associated with the 1997 Arctic ozone loss, and compare those dynamics to the 2011 dynamics.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brief communication "Stratospheric winds, transport barriers and the 2011 Arctic ozone hole"

Olascoaga

Brown

Beron-Vera

et al. 2012

Nonlin. Processes Geophys.

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Abstract. The Arctic stratosphere throughout the late winter and early spring of 2011 was characterized by an unusually severe ozone loss, resulting in what has been described as an ozone hole. The 2011 ozone loss was made possible by unusually cold temperatures throughout the Arctic stratosphere. Here we consider the issue of what constitutes suitable environmental conditions for the formation and maintenance of a polar ozone hole. Our discussion focuses on the importance of the stratospheric wind field and, in particular, the importance of a high latitude zonal jet, which serves as a meridional transport barrier both prior to ozone hole formation and during the ozone hole maintenance phase. It is argued that stratospheric conditions in the boreal winter/spring of 2011 were highly unusual inasmuch as in that year Antarctic-like Lagrangian dynamics led to the formation of a boreal ozone hole.

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The Arctic vortex in March 2011: a dynamical perspective

Abstract: Abstract. Despite the record

Cited by 66 publications

References 33 publications

Chemical ozone loss and ozone mini-hole event during the Arctic winter 2010/2011 as observed by SCIAMACHY and GOME-2

Chemical ozone loss and ozone mini-hole event during the Arctic winter 2010/2011 as observed by SCIAMACHY and GOME-2

Comparison of ECHAM5/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) simulations of the Arctic winter 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 with Envisat/MIPAS and Aura/MLS observations

Brief communication "Stratospheric winds, transport barriers and the 2011 Arctic ozone hole"

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The Arctic vortex in March 2011: a dynamical perspective

Abstract: Abstract. Despite the record

Cited by 66 publications

References 33 publications

Chemical ozone loss and ozone mini-hole event during the Arctic winter 2010/2011 as observed by SCIAMACHY and GOME-2

Chemical ozone loss and ozone mini-hole event during the Arctic winter 2010/2011 as observed by SCIAMACHY and GOME-2

Comparison of ECHAM5/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) simulations of the Arctic winter 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 with Envisat/MIPAS and Aura/MLS observations

Brief communication &quot;Stratospheric winds, transport barriers and the 2011 Arctic ozone hole&quot;

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Brief communication "Stratospheric winds, transport barriers and the 2011 Arctic ozone hole"