The Assessment of the Relationship Between ABO Blood Groups and Covid-19 Infection

Aktimur, Sude Hatun; Sen, Ahmet; Yazıcıoğlu, Bahadır; Güneş, Ahmet Kürşad; Genç, Serhat Bahadır

doi:10.4999/uhod.204348

Cited by 10 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…In another study conducted in Turkey, Aktimur et al found that A blood type was associated with a higher risk for COVID-19 than other blood types. Again, in the same study, it was stated that patients with A blood type had a longer intensive care unit stay, and they might have a higher risk in terms of disease severity (10). Unlike our study, a relationship was found between disease severity, intensive care hospitalization and blood group type.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 66%

“…Risk of thrombosis has been reported to be lower in individuals with type O blood when compared to those with other blood types and, according to the most recent data, ABO blood types have been shown to modulate the risk of thrombosis via biological mechanisms (6,7). In Turkey and worldwide, there have been a limited number of studies conducted that have examined the association between SARS-CoV-2 and ABO blood types (8)(9)(10)(11). Therefore, in this study, it was aimed to conduct an examination of the effects of blood types on the risk of infection, disease severity, and mortality in COVID-19 patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of blood group types on risk of infection, disease severity, and mortality in COVID-19 patients

Gemcioğlu

Başer

İnan

et al. 2022

Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine

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Aim: COVID-19 is an epidemic communicable disease that has been declared as a pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Clinical studies have demonstrated that advanced age and comorbid conditions enhance the severity of the infection. The objective of this study was to examine the of effects of blood group types on risk of infection, disease severity, and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Material and Method: Included in this study were 1618 patients who had been diagnosed with PCR confirmed COVID-19 infection. The age, gender, blood type, disease severity, need for intensive care, and deaths of the patients were analyzed retrospectively. For the distribution of the blood types in a healthy population, statistics for the blood types of individuals in Ankara for 2020 were obtained from the Republic of Turkey Red Crescent Blood Services and used as a healthy control group for comparison with the data of the patients included in the study. Results: Among the COVID-19 patients, blood type A was the most common type at a rate of 46.2%. This was followed by blood type O at a rate of 28.4%. The least common blood type was found to be type AB at a rate of 9%. When compared to the healthy population, blood type A was determined to be statistically significantly more common in COVID-19 infection (p=0.07,). In contrast, blood type O was determined to be less common when compared to the healthy population (p<0.001). No statistically significant differences were determined between the blood types and the risk of severe disease and mortality rate. Conclusion: Based upon the results of the study, it can be hypothesized that blood group type O may be protective against the risk of contracting the disease and the development of severe infection, while blood group type A may be associated with an increased risk of contracting the disease. However, it was determined that there were no statistically significant associations of mortality and the development of severe disease with ABO blood types.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 66%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of blood group types on risk of infection, disease severity, and mortality in COVID-19 patients

Gemcioğlu

Başer

İnan

et al. 2022

Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine

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“…( A ) Blood group O odd ratios (ORs) of COVID-19 relative to the other blood groups and blood group O frequencies at various geographical locations. Odd ratios were obtained from the works in [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 6 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 14 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 22 , 24 ], and the frequencies of blood group O were those reported in the groups of controls of the corresponding studies, representing frequencies in the local populations. OR values in populations where frequencies of blood group O are below and above 40% (O < 0.4 and O > 0.4, respectively) were compared by a two-tailed Mann–Whitney test.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, soon after the beginning of the pandemic a publication from Wuhan, China, reported a higher risk of infection for people of blood group A, and inversely a lower risk for people of blood group O [ 1 ]. Since then, associations with the ABO blood groups have been described in several additional publications from China as well as many other locations from Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and North America [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ]. Associations between ABO phenotypes were described with either the risk of infection or disease severity, although most studies did not explicitly separate these two aspects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ABO Blood Types and COVID-19: Spurious, Anecdotal, or Truly Important Relationships? A Reasoned Review of Available Data

Pendu

Breiman

Rocher

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Since the emergence of COVID-19, many publications have reported associations with ABO blood types. Despite between-study discrepancies, an overall consensus has emerged whereby blood group O appears associated with a lower risk of COVID-19, while non-O blood types appear detrimental. Two major hypotheses may explain these findings: First, natural anti-A and anti-B antibodies could be partially protective against SARS-CoV-2 virions carrying blood group antigens originating from non-O individuals. Second, O individuals are less prone to thrombosis and vascular dysfunction than non-O individuals and therefore could be at a lesser risk in case of severe lung dysfunction. Here, we review the literature on the topic in light of these hypotheses. We find that between-study variation may be explained by differences in study settings and that both mechanisms are likely at play. Moreover, as frequencies of ABO phenotypes are highly variable between populations or geographical areas, the ABO coefficient of variation, rather than the frequency of each individual phenotype is expected to determine impact of the ABO system on virus transmission. Accordingly, the ABO coefficient of variation correlates with COVID-19 prevalence. Overall, despite modest apparent risk differences between ABO subtypes, the ABO blood group system might play a major role in the COVID-19 pandemic when considered at the population level.

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“…It is now rather well documented through a large set of studies that blood group A individuals are at a higher risk of COVID-19 than individuals of blood group O, whilst blood group B seldom shows significant odd ratios relative to the other blood groups ( Aktimur et al, 2020 ; Barnkob et al, 2020 ; Chegni et al, 2020 ; Ellinghaus et al, 2020 ; Göker et al, 2020 ; Latz et al, 2020 ; Leaf et al, 2020 ; Li et al, 2020 ; Muniz-Diaz et al, 2020 ; Shelton et al, 2020 ; Sohlpour et al, 2020 ; Valenti et al, 2020 ; Wu et al, 2020 ; Zeng et al, 2020 ; Zhang et al, 2020 ; Zhao J. et al, 2020 ; Zietz et al, 2020 ). We recently observed that anti-A and anti-B agglutinating natural antibodies were significantly lower in COVID-19 patients compared with controls ( Deleers et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Levels of Natural Anti-α-N-Acetylgalactosamine (Tn) Antibodies Are Associated With COVID-19

et al. 2021

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Human serum contains large amounts of anti-carbohydrate antibodies, some of which may recognize epitopes on viral glycans. Here, we tested the hypothesis that such antibodies may confer protection against COVID-19 so that patients would be preferentially found among people with low amounts of specific anti-carbohydrate antibodies since individual repertoires vary considerably. After selecting glycan epitopes commonly represented in the human anti-carbohydrate antibody repertoire that may also be expressed on viral glycans, plasma levels of the corresponding antibodies were determined by ELISA in 88 SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals, including 13 asymptomatic, and in 82 non-infected controls. We observed that anti-Tn antibodies levels were significantly lower in patients as compared to non-infected individuals. This was not observed for any of the other tested carbohydrate epitopes, including anti-αGal antibodies used as a negative control since the epitope cannot be synthesized by humans. Owing to structural homologies with blood groups A and B antigens, we also observed that anti-Tn and anti-αGal antibodies levels were lower in blood group A and B, respectively. Analyses of correlations between anti-Tn and the other anti-carbohydrates tested revealed divergent patterns of correlations between patients and controls, suggesting qualitative differences in addition to the quantitative difference. Furthermore, anti-Tn levels correlated with anti-S protein levels in the patients’ group, suggesting that anti-Tn might contribute to the development of the specific antiviral response. Overall, this first analysis allows to hypothesize that natural anti-Tn antibodies might be protective against COVID-19.

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The Assessment of the Relationship Between ABO Blood Groups and Covid-19 Infection

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of blood group types on risk of infection, disease severity, and mortality in COVID-19 patients

Effects of blood group types on risk of infection, disease severity, and mortality in COVID-19 patients

ABO Blood Types and COVID-19: Spurious, Anecdotal, or Truly Important Relationships? A Reasoned Review of Available Data

Low Levels of Natural Anti-α-N-Acetylgalactosamine (Tn) Antibodies Are Associated With COVID-19

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