The association between burning mouth syndrome and sleep disturbance: A case–control multicentre study

Objectives The aim of this review was to investigate quality assessment and quantitative information on burning mouth syndrome (BMS) on YouTube™ videos. Methods An electronic search of YouTube™ videos on BMS was performed using subject headings, keywords and synonyms of BMS. For each video, quality information, via the quality assessment score (QAS) and quantitative information, such as the total number of results per term searched, date of upload, clip length, view count, source category (professional, personal, educational, mixed), number of likes and dislikes and YouTube™ category were evaluated. Results The search identified 3768 videos of which only 114 were included in our analysis: the quality of videos was very poor (mean ± standard deviation = 1.76 ± 1.64). The most representative categories were “educational” with 53 (46.5%) videos scoring between 0 and 4 and “mixed” with 24 (21.1%) videos scoring between 0 and 2. Significant differences were found among all four categories in relation to length in seconds (P < 0.001), number of views (P = 0.006) and interaction index (P = 0.001), as well as between “professional” and the other categories and between “educational” and “personal” in relation to length in seconds (P < 0.001), between “educational” and “personal” (P < 0.001) and “personal” and “mixed” category in relation to interaction index (P = 0.003) and between “professional” and “personal” in relation to views per day (P = 0.015). Conclusions A large number of videos regarding BMS have published on YouTube™, with a wide range of distribution regarding their length and views. Unfortunately, they presented unreliable information which is most often scientifically inaccurate. Health care institutions and professionals should be more actively involved in improving high‐quality e‐information about BMS on YouTube™.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The usefulness of YouTube™ videos as a source of information on burning mouth syndrome

Fortuna

Schiavo

Aria

et al. 2019

“…The VAS was used to assess the mean levels of daily pain, and the HAM‐A and HAM‐D questionnaires were administered to measure the intensity and severity of symptoms of anxiety and depression. The structures of all these scales have previously been described in detail by Adamo et al…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of oral health‐related quality of life, measured by OHIP‐14 and GOHAI, and psychological profiling in burning mouth syndrome: A case‐control clinical study

Adamo

Pecoraro

Fortuna

et al. 2019

Self Cite

Objectives To evaluate the oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) of patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS) by comparing the Oral Health Impact Profile‐14 (OHIP‐14) and Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) tests, assessing their dependence with pain, anxiety and depression and, secondly, to analyse the changes in time after treatment with psychotropic drugs. Methods Twenty‐six patients and 26 controls were included. The GOHAI, OHIP‐14, visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Hamilton Rating Scales for Depression and Anxiety (HAM‐D and HAM‐A) were performed at baseline (time 0) and after 6 months of treatment (time 1). Descriptive statistics, the Mann‐Whitney non‐parametric test for two independent samples and the Wilcoxon non‐parametric test for two paired samples were used. Results The scores from all outcome measurements were statistically significantly different between the cases and controls (P < .001) with a strong correlation between the GOHAI and the OHIP‐14 (P < .001). The BMS patients showed a statistically significant improvement in the VAS, HAM‐D and HAM‐A scores from time 0 to time 1 (P < 0.001), and in the OHIP‐14 scores (P < .004**) after the treatment, but no statistically significant difference in the GOHAI score (.464). Conclusions Burning mouth syndrome patients showed poorer scores on all scales compared to the healthy subjects with a lower OHRQoL. OHIP‐14 gives a greater weight to psychological and behavioural outcomes in evaluating oral health than GOHAI, and therefore, it is a more effective questionnaire in terms of the evaluation of the treatment response. The management of BMS can improve pain, anxiety and depression and the OHRQoL.

“…Pain‐specific psychological variables such as pain anxiety or pain hypervigilance, which are suggested to be more relevant than general psychological symptoms to the understanding of chronic pain, 18 have not been studied in BMS. As regards other possible pain‐related comorbidities, the occurrence of sleep disorders has received attention in BMS, and several studies have evidenced a decrease in the sleep quality in BMS patients 19‐22 . However, unlike in other pain research, scarce attention has been paid to linking psychological or other pain‐related symptomatology data to self‐report of pain severity in BMS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symptom severity in burning mouth syndrome associates with psychological factors

Forssell

Teerijoki-Oksa

Puukka

et al. 2020

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) patients are psychologically distressed, but whether this associates with symptom severity is unclear. The aim was to investigate the association of psychological factors with pain intensity and interference in BMS. Fifty‐two women (mean age 63.1, SD 10.9) with BMS participated. Pain intensity and interference data were collected using 2‐week pain diaries. Psychological factors were evaluated using Depression Scale (DEPS), Pain Anxiety Symptom Scale (PASS) and Pain Vigilance and Awareness Questionnaire (PVAQ). The local ethical committee approved the study. Patients were divided into groups based on pain severity distribution tertiles: low intensity (NRS ≤ 3.7) or interference (NRS ≤ 2.9) (tertiles 1‐2, n = 35) and moderate to intense intensity (NRS > 3.7) or interference (>2.9) (tertile 3, n = 17). T test, Wilcoxon's test and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used in the analyses. Patients in the highest intensity and interference tertiles reported more depression (P = .0247 and P = .0169) and pain anxiety symptoms (P = .0359 and P = .0293), and were more preoccupied with pain (P = .0004 and P = .0003) than patients in the low intensity and interference groups. The score of the pain vigilance questionnaire correlated significantly with pain intensity (r = .366, P = .009) and interference (r = .482, P = .009). Depression (r = .399, P = .003) and pain anxiety symptoms (r = .452, P = .001) correlated with pain interference. Symptom severity in BMS associates with symptoms of psychological distress emphasising the need to develop multidimensional diagnostics for the assessment of BMS pain.