The association between Epstein‐Barr virus and oral lichen planus: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Ashraf, Sajna; Al‐Maweri, Sadeq Ali; Alaizari, Nader Ahmed; Umair, Ayesha; Ariffin, Zaihan; Alhajj, Mohammed Nasser; Kassim, Saba; Awan, Kamran Habib

doi:10.1111/jop.13093

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Internal factors include psychological disorders, heat shock proteins, and genetic factors. External factors include viral infections such as hepatitis C virus, human papilloma viruses and Epstein‐Barr virus, causing lichenoid reactions like mercury‐containing amalgam fillings (Ashraf et al., 2020; Mutafchieva et al., 2018). With the development of high‐throughput sequencing technologies, metagenomics is applied to detect the differences of oral bacterial community between disease states with normal controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The presence of Prevotella melaninogenica within tissue and preliminary study on its role in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus

Zheng

Cai

et al. 2021

Oral Diseases

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Objective Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease that occurs in the oral mucosa with characteristic white striations lesions, recurrent erosions, and pains. The etiology and pathogenesis of OLP are still unclear. Materials and Methods We analyzed the bacterial community structure of buccal mucosa in patients with OLP and normal controls by high‐throughput sequencing. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to detect Prevotella melaninogenica (P. melaninogenica) in 13 OLP samples and 10 controls. The amounts of P. melaninogenica in OLP buccal mucosa and the expression of inflammatory cytokines in co‐culture of mouse‐derived macrophages with P. melaninogenica were detected by RT‐qPCR. Results The P. melaninogenica was more abundant in OLP than in healthy controls, and the differences were significant at the level of the phylum, family, genus, and species (p < .05). FISH showed that P. melaninogenica can invade the epithelium and even the lamina propria of OLP, while no invasion was found in the normal mucosa. Prevotella melaninogenica can adhere to and invade macrophages and then activate the transcription of IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α in NF‐κB signaling pathway. Conclusion Prevotella melaninogenica may be involved in the pathogenic process of OLP, and its specific mechanism deserves further study.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The presence of Prevotella melaninogenica within tissue and preliminary study on its role in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus

Zheng

Cai

et al. 2021

Oral Diseases

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“…1,4 However, recent evidence suggests an autoimmune response to various local and systemic trigger factors. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Clinically, OLP can present in different forms: reticular, atrophic, erosive, pigmented, and plaqueform. 1 While the reticular form (the most common form) is usually painless, erosive and atrophic forms are very painful that can interfere with daily functions such as eating and speaking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of topical hyaluronic acid for symptomatic oral lichen planus: A systematic Review.

Al‐Maweri¹,

Alanazi²,

Alhajj³

et al. 2021

J Oral Res

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Background: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflam-matory disorder with a potential of malignant transformation. Despite the extensive research on the topic, the management of OLP is still quite challenging, with no definitive cure. Objective: The present systematic review assessed the efficacy of topical hyaluronic acid in the management of OLP. Material and Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar was carried out by two independent investigators. All randomized clinical trials that compared the efficacy of hyaluronic acid with other interventions and/or placebo in the management of OLP and fulfilled the following criteria were included: 1) OLP diagnosis was confirmed clinically and histopathologically, 2) the study included systemically healthy patients aged 15 years and older, 3) a minimum sample size of 10, and 4) reporting the main outcomes including pain, erythema, and ulcer size. Case reports, case series, reviews, animal studies, uncontrolled trials were excluded. Results: Four clinical trials involving 234 patients were included. Two studies compared hyaluronic acid with a topical corticosteroid, and two studies compared it with placebo. Only one of the four included studies was at low risk of bias. Overall, topical hyaluronic acid showed good efficacy in alleviating the signs and symptoms of OLP. Two studies found hyaluronic acid significantly more effective in reducing pain and improving clinical signs of OLP compared to placebo. Compared to topical corticosteroids, one study reported comparable results; and one study found hyaluronic acid to be superior to triamcinolone in reducing pain but inferior to triamcinolone in improving the healing time. Conclusion: The limited available evidence suggests that hyaluronic acid may have some benefits in the management of OLP. Further well-designed studies with adequate follow-up periods are highly recommended.

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“…Increased incidence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in LS biopsy tissue has been described in both female (26.5%) and male (37-38.3%) LS patients [69][70][71]. A recent meta-analysis found a positive correlation between EBV and oral lichen planus (odds ratio 4.41) [72]. EBV is a known cause for Burkitt lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and other lymphoma subtypes [73][74][75].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Human Vulvar Microbiome: A Systematic Review

et al. 2021

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The link between cancer and the microbiome is a fast-moving field in research. There is little knowledge on the microbiome in ((pre)malignant) conditions of the vulvar skin. This systematic review aims to provide an overview of the literature regarding the microbiome composition of the healthy vulvar skin and in (pre)malignant vulvar disease. This study was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive, electronic search strategy was used to identify original research articles (updated September 2021). The inclusion criteria were articles using culture-independent methods for microbiome profiling of the vulvar region. Ten articles were included. The bacterial composition of the vulva consists of several genera including Lactobacillus, Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus and Prevotella, suggesting that the vulvar microbiome composition shows similarities with the corresponding vaginal milieu. However, the vulvar microbiome generally displayed higher diversity with commensals of cutaneous and fecal origin. This is the first systematic review that investigates the relationship between microbiome and vulvar (pre)malignant disease. There are limited data and the level of evidence is low with limitations in study size, population diversity and methodology. Nevertheless, the vulvar microbiome represents a promising field for exploring potential links for disease etiology and targets for therapy.

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The association between Epstein‐Barr virus and oral lichen planus: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Cited by 11 publications

References 34 publications

The presence of Prevotella melaninogenica within tissue and preliminary study on its role in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus

The presence of Prevotella melaninogenica within tissue and preliminary study on its role in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus

Efficacy of topical hyaluronic acid for symptomatic oral lichen planus: A systematic Review.

The Human Vulvar Microbiome: A Systematic Review

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