The association between hordein polypeptide banding and agronomic traits in partitioning genetic diversity in six-rowed Ethiopian barley lines (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Abstract

Background Evaluation of the extent of genetic variation within and between the populations of crop genetic resources are of paramount importance in any breeding program. An experiment aimed at assessing the extent of variation among barley lines and the degree of association between hordein polypeptide and agronomic traits was hence executed. Methods Field experiment was conducted in six environments between 2017–2019 involving 19 barley lines. Hordein bands were separated using vertical Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Poly- acrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Results The analysis of variance revealed significant variation among lines and wider range units were observed for the agronomic traits. The line (Acc# 16,811–6) was superior, producing the highest grain yield (2.97 ton ha−1) across environments, 3.6 ton ha−1 at Holleta, and 1.93 ton ha−1 at Chefedonsa. At Arsi Negelle a different line Acc# 17146–9 was the highest yielding (3.15ton ha−1). SDS-PAGE-based analysis of barley lines separated 12 hordein bands between C (four bands) and B (eight bands) subunits. Interestingly bands 52, 46a, and 46b were uniquely conserved in the four naked barley lines (Acc#16809–14,16956–11, 17240–3, 17244–19). A considerably high proportion of genetic diversity within the populations than among the populations could be a repercussion of high gene flow which substantiates the longstanding and dominant informal seed exchange system among the farmers. The significant positive association between grain yield and band 50 evocates the expression of this allele may code for higher grain yield. The negative association between days to maturity and band 52 perhaps stipulates earliness in barely lines upon the manifestation of the band. Band 52 and 60 appeared to be associated with more than one agronomic trait (days to maturity and thousand kernel weight; grain filling period and grain yield respectively) and could be the result of pleiotropic characteristics of the genes residing in these banding regions. Conclusion The barley lines exhibited substantial variation for hordein protein and agronomic traits. However, imparted the need for the implementation of decentralized breeding as a consequence of genotype-by-environment interaction. Significant hordein polypeptide and agronomic traits association advocated the utilization of hordein as a protein marker and perhaps consider them in the parental line selection.

Characterization of prolamin storage protein profiles in Tunisian pearl millet landraces toward better utilization and improvement

“…Prolamin markers offer several advantages, including high polymorphism, stability, independence from ontogenetic stages, and minimal susceptibility to environmental influences (Utebayev et al, 2019). These markers revealed high genetic polymorphism and discrimination ability in various agronomic crops, including einkorn wheat (Keskin Şan et al, 2015), barley (Fantahun et al, 2023), common wheat (Utebayev et al, 2019), rye (Ribeiro et al, 2012), and Vicia taxa (Bechkri et al, 2017), among others. Their effectiveness in assessing phylogenetic relationships among cultivated and wild barley was also reported (Mzid et al, 2016).…”

“…Furthermore, molecular variance analysis based on seed protein profiles of Aegilops tauschii accessions confirmed high within‐region (94%) genetic diversity (Tahernezhad et al, 2013). This genetic structure pattern could attest to a high gene flow, mediated by seed exchange among farmers from various geographical regions (Fantahun et al, 2023).…”

“…Prolamin markers have demonstrated good ability in the discrimination and classification of plant species' genetic resources at both intraspecific and interspecific levels (Bechkri et al, 2017). Furthermore, for other cereal crops, a positive association between some prolamin bands and agronomic traits has been detected, promoting their use as protein markers in the selection of parental lines in breeding (Fantahun et al, 2023).…”

“…Similarly, Iqbal et al (2015) revealed that 90.0% of the total seed storage protein variation of soybean was within populations. A high proportion of genetic variance, accounting for 76%, was recorded within populations for barley prolamins, whereas the variance among populations did not exceed 24% (Fantahun et al, 2023). Furthermore, molecular variance analysis based on seed protein profiles of Aegilops tauschii accessions confirmed high within‐region (94%) genetic diversity (Tahernezhad et al, 2013).…”

“…Their effectiveness in assessing phylogenetic relationships among cultivated and wild barley was also reported (Mzid et al, 2016). Prolamin markers have also been found to be significantly associated with desirable agronomic traits and malt quality traits in cereals (Fantahun et al, 2023; Šimić et al, 2007), making them valuable tools for selecting parental lines in breeding programs to develop improved varieties.…”