The Association between Hydro-Meteorological Events and Leptospirosis Hospitalizations in Santa Catarina, Brazil

Abstract

Extreme climatic events (ECE) are beginning to be perceived as potential causes of health disturbances. The assessment of the impacts of certain ECE to human health has become essential to health managers and caregivers. The objective of this study was to identify the association between rates of hospitalization for Leptospirosis and the occurrence of extreme hydrological events in the state Santa Catarina (Brazil) between the years 2005 and 2014. The association between Leptospirosis hospitalizations and the occurrence of floods, flash floods, and flooding events was measured through Spearman’s bivariate correlation coefficient. Flash floods corresponded to 92.6% of the total hydrological events. Coastal regions presented higher admission rates than inland. The Leptospirosis presented a seasonal pattern, with a peak in the summer months. Positive and significant correlations for monthly and annual analyzes were identified for some of the analyzed macro-regions, with higher values of correlation in the coastal region. The current results suggest the influence of the occurrence of extreme hydro-meteorological events on the variability of the hospitalization rate by Leptospirosis in the state of Santa Catarina, with significant differences found for the coastal and inland regions.

Leptospirosis and the Environment: A Review and Future Directions

“…Finally, in addition to future studies considering the biogeochemical processes and hydrologic characteristics of the waters being studied, hydrologic and climatic modeling could be used to improve the risk maps created by socioeconomic and epidemiological modeling that help identify areas most suitable for long-term persistence and transmission of Leptospira [ 37 , 68 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 ]. These types of models are improved with the addition of new data, so long-term collaborative mapping between experts in different specialties would provide the maps most useful for targeting surveillance, management, and future research in regions where the use of such resources would be most effective.…”