The Association between Medical Utilization and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Severity: A Comparison of the 2007 and 2011 Guideline Staging Systems

Abstract

(1) Background: This study aimed to investigate the associations between the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) staging systems, medical costs, and mortality among patients with chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD). Predictions of the effectiveness of the two versions of the staging systems were also compared. (2) Purpose: this study investigated the associations between the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) staging systems, medical costs, and mortality among patients with COPD. Predicting effectiveness between the two versions of the staging systems was also compared. (3) Procedure: This study used a secondary clinical database of a medical center in central Taiwan to examine records between 2011 and 2017. A total of 613 patients with COPD were identified. The independent variables comprised the COPD GOLD Guideline staging of the 2007 and 2011 versions, demographic characteristics, health status, and physician seniority. The dependent variables included total medical cost, average length of hospital stay, and mortality. The statistical methods included binomial logistic regression and the general linear model (GLM). (4) Discussion: The total medical cost during the observation period for patients with COPD averaged TWD 292,455.6. The average length of hospital stay was 9.7 days. The mortality rate was 9.6%, compared with that of patients in Grade 1 of the 2007 version; patients in Grade 4 of the 2007 version had significantly higher odds of death (OR = 4.07, p = 0.02). The accuracy of mortality prediction for both the 2007 and 2011 versions of the staging was equal, at 90.4%. The adjusted GLM analysis revealed that patients in Group D of the 2011 version had a significantly longer length of hospital stay than those in Group A of the 2011 version (p = 0.04). No difference between the 2007 and 2011 versions was found regarding the total medical cost. Complications were significantly associated with the total medical cost and average length of hospital stay. (5) Conclusions: The COPD staging 2011 version was associated with an average length of hospital stay, whereas the COPD staging 2007 version was related to mortality risk. Therefore, the 2011 version can estimate the length of hospital stay. However, in predicting prognosis and mortality, the 2007 version is recommended.