The association between the oxidative balance score and cognitive function in individuals with diabetes: NHANES 2011- 2014

Abstract

Background: Cognitive impairment is a significant complication of diabetes. There have been reports suggesting a relationship between Oxidative Balance Score (OBS) and various diseases. However, the impact of the oxidative equilibrium index, which merges prooxidant and antioxidant elements of diet and lifestyle on the cognitive abilities of individuals with diabetes remains uncertain. Methods: Conducted as a retrospective cross-sectional analysis based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), this study examined data from individuals with diabetes and those without diabetes from NHANES 2011-2014. We collected their basic information, including age, gender, level of education, annual household income, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), klotho, and more. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Word Recall (CERAD)word learning subtest, Animal Fluency Test (AFT) for animal fluency, and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST)for digit symbol substitution. The relationship between cognitive performance in individuals with diabetes and the oxidative balance score was analyzed using a weighted multiple linear regression model and restricted cubic splines analysis. Results: Diabetes patients demonstrated a higher incidence of cognitive impairment compared to individuals without diabetes. In the case of diabetes, a positive correlation between the OBS and DSST was observed, with the beta estimated at 0.41 (95% CI: 0.10, 0.71). Additionally, results from the RCS analysis indicated a nearly linear proportional connection between the OBS and DSST. Conclusions: Cognitive function in diabetes exhibited a positive correlation with OBS. The results highlighted the importance of a nutritious diet habit and a healthy lifestyle in influencing cognitive function among individuals with diabetes.