The atomic magnetometer: A new era in biomagnetism

Wakai, Ronald T.

doi:10.1063/1.4901359

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The fMCG is an expensive method, requiring specialized operator training, dedicated shielded rooms, each costing approximately $350 000 to construct ( Strasburger et al 2008 ) and high maintenance ( Peters et al 2001 , Cannie et al 2006 , Kiefer-Schmidt et al 2012 ), which have limited its use in HICs ( Cannie et al 2006 , Wakai 2014 ) and its introduction into and widespread integration in LMICs.…”

Section: Comparison Of Fetal Cardiac Monitoring Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of fetal cardiac monitoring, with a focus on low- and middle-income countries

et al. 2020

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There is limited evidence regarding the utility of fetal monitoring during pregnancy, particularly during labor and delivery. Developed countries rely on consensus ‘best practices’ of obstetrics and gynecology professional societies to guide their protocols and policies. Protocols are often driven by the desire to be as safe as possible and avoid litigation, regardless of the cost of downstream treatment. In high-resource settings, there may be a justification for this approach. In low-resource settings, in particular, interventions can be costly and lead to adverse outcomes in subsequent pregnancies. Therefore, it is essential to consider the evidence and cost of different fetal monitoring approaches, particularly in the context of treatment and care in low-to-middle income countries. This article reviews the standard methods used for fetal monitoring, with particular emphasis on fetal cardiac assessment, which is a reliable indicator of fetal well-being. An overview of fetal monitoring practices in low-to-middle income counties, including perinatal care access challenges, is also presented. Finally, an overview of how mobile technology may help reduce barriers to perinatal care access in low-resource settings is provided.

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Section: Comparison Of Fetal Cardiac Monitoring Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of fetal cardiac monitoring, with a focus on low- and middle-income countries

et al. 2020

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“… Amplitude of various biomagnetism signals in comparison to the geofield and urban magnetic noise [ 123 ]. …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Application of VCSEL in Bio-Sensing Atomic Magnetometers

et al. 2022

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Recent years have seen rapid development of chip-scale atomic devices due to their great potential in the field of biomedical imaging, namely chip-scale atomic magnetometers that enable high resolution magnetocardiography (MCG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG). For atomic devices of this kind, vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) have become the most crucial components as integrated pumping sources, which are attracting growing interest. In this paper, the application of VCSELs in chip-scale atomic devices are reviewed, where VCSELs are integrated in various atomic bio-sensing devices with different operating environments. Secondly, the mode and polarization control of VCSELs in the specific applications are reviewed with their pros and cons discussed. In addition, various packaging of VCSEL based on different atomic devices in pursuit of miniaturization and precision measurement are reviewed and discussed. Finally, the VCSEL-based chip-scale atomic magnetometers utilized for cardiac and brain magnetometry are reviewed in detail. Nowadays, biosensors with chip integration, low power consumption, and high sensitivity are undergoing rapid industrialization, due to the growing market of medical instrumentation and portable health monitoring. It is promising that VCSEL-integrated chip-scale atomic biosensors as featured applications of this kind may experience extensive development in the near future.

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“…Many groups have studied differential measurement [ 23 , 24 ]. Differential measurement has been widely used in super conductive quantum interference devices [ 25 , 26 ], and then used in the atomic magnetometer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis and Measurement of Differential-Mode Magnetic Noise in Mn-Zn Soft Ferrite Shield for Ultra-Sensitive Sensors

Fang

et al. 2022

Materials

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The magnetic noise generated by the ferrite magnetic shield affects the performance of ultra-sensitive atomic sensors. Differential measurement can effectively suppress the influence of common-mode (CM) magnetic noise, but the limit of suppression capability is not clear at present. In this paper, a finite element analysis model using power loss to calculate differential-mode (DM) magnetic noise under a ferrite magnetic shield is proposed. The experimental results confirm the feasibility of the model. An ultrahigh-sensitive magnetometer was built, the single channel magnetic noise measured and the differential-mode (DM) magnetic noise are 0.70 fT/Hz1/2 and 0.10 fT/Hz1/2 @30 Hz. The DM magnetic noise calculated by the proposed model is less than 5% different from the actual measured value. To effectively reduce DM magnetic noise, we analyze and optimize the structure parameters of the shield on the DM magnetic noise. When the outer diameter is fixed, the model is used to analyze the influence of the ratio of ferrite magnetic shielding thickness to outer diameter, the ratio of length to outer diameter, and the air gap between magnetic annuli on DM magnetic noise. The results show that the axial DM magnetic noise and radial DM magnetic noise reach the optimal values when the thickness to outer diameter ratio is 0.08 and 0.1. The ratio of length to outer diameter is negatively correlated with DM magnetic noise, and the air gap (0.1–1 mm) is independent of DM magnetic noise. The axial DM magnetic noise is less than that of radial DM magnetic noise. These results are useful for suppressing magnetic noise and breaking through the sensitivity of the magnetometer.

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The atomic magnetometer: A new era in biomagnetism

Cited by 7 publications

References 9 publications

A review of fetal cardiac monitoring, with a focus on low- and middle-income countries

A review of fetal cardiac monitoring, with a focus on low- and middle-income countries

Application of VCSEL in Bio-Sensing Atomic Magnetometers

Analysis and Measurement of Differential-Mode Magnetic Noise in Mn-Zn Soft Ferrite Shield for Ultra-Sensitive Sensors

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