The avian tubercle bacillus and its relatives

Grange, J. M.; Yates, M.D.; Boughton, E

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1990.tb02892.x

Cited by 75 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…On the other hand, isolates of the same serovar were even when they were isolated from different sites in the same patient (Patient Q, Table 3). Similarly, although isolates of serovar 2 are commonly recovered from birds [42], none of the isolates of this serovar from patients with AIDS were related to avian isolates of this serovar. Thus, the serovar is not a particularly useful marker for epidemiological studies since it does not reflect the genetic identity of an M. avium isolate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic characterization ofMycobacterium aviumisolates recovered from humans and animals in Australia

Feizabadi

Robertson

Cousins³

et al. 1996

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SUMMARYGenetic relationships amongst 115 mainly Australian isolates of Mycobacterium avium were assessed using multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MEE). The isolates were divided into 58 electrophoretic types (ETs), with a mean genetic diversity of 0-29. Isolates from humans were closely related to but distinct from those cultured from birds, whilst some porcine isolates belonged to the same ETs as certain human isolates. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used to differentiate related isolates, and those from birds and some from other animals, including pigs, were distinguished from the human isolates. The results of MEE and PFGE suggested that certain strains of M. avium may be transmitted between birds and pigs, but there was no clear evidence of transmission to humans. The serovar of the M. avium isolates was not obviously related to their ET assignment or their PFGE type.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic characterization ofMycobacterium aviumisolates recovered from humans and animals in Australia

Feizabadi

Robertson

Cousins³

et al. 1996

Epidemiol. Infect.

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“…Aerosolization of mycobacteria in surface water is one means suggested for tuberculin sensitization of animals and humans living near water (8,10) and for disease in humans (14). It is possible that M. avium subsp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Dam Water and Sediment

Whittington

Marsh

Reddacliff

2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

120

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In a previous longitudinal study, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis survived for 55 weeks in fecal material in the shade, but for much shorter periods in exposed locations. In this experiment, the survival of the organism was studied in 250 liters of dam water and sediment in large water troughs that were placed in either a semiexposed location or in a shaded location and compared to survival in fecal material and soil in the shaded location. Survival in water and/or sediment in the shade was for up to 48 weeks compared to 36 weeks in the semiexposed location. Survival in sediment was 12 to 26 weeks longer than survival in the water column. Survival in soil and fecal material in the terrestrial environment in the shaded location was only 12 weeks. Although disturbance to sediment could not be ruled out as a factor, there was evidence of dormancy in both the water column and the sediment, since the organism could not be recovered for several months before again becoming detectable. The results suggest that water may be a significant reservoir of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection. Further research on the biology of the organism in aquatic environments is warranted. Animal health authorities will need to provide appropriate advice to farmers to minimize exposure of livestock to potentially infected water sources. Survival of the organism in water destined for human consumption will need to be addressed if the organism is found to be involved in the etiology of Crohn's disease.

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“…To date, this organism is generally considered unculturable and can be identified reliably only by sequencing methods (119,120). The association between M. lepraemurium and MAC stems from a likeness in serological groupings (103) and genetic relatedness by DNA-DNA hybridization methods (3,123). The organism is characterized by only two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 16S rRNA gene from that of M. avium but bears a highly divergent hsp65 sequence (170).…”

Section: New Designations and Related Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacterium avium in the Postgenomic Era

2007

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SUMMARY The past several years have witnessed an upsurge of genomic data pertaining to the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). Despite clear advances, problems with the detection of MAC persist, spanning the tests that can be used, samples required for their validation, and the use of appropriate nomenclature. Additionally, the amount of genomic variability documented to date greatly outstrips the functional understanding of epidemiologically different subsets of the organism. In this review, we discuss how postgenomic insights into the MAC have helped to clarify the relationships between MAC organisms, highlighting the distinction between environmental and pathogenic subsets of M. avium. We discuss the availability of various genetic targets for accurate classification of organisms and how these results provide a framework for future studies of MAC variability. The results of postgenomic M. avium study provide optimism that a functional understanding of these organisms will soon emerge, with genomically defined subsets that are epidemiologically distinct and possess different survival mechanisms for their various niches. Although the status quo has largely been to study different M. avium subsets in isolation, it is expected that attention to the similarities and differences between M. avium organisms will provide greater insight into their fundamental differences, including their propensity to cause disease.

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The avian tubercle bacillus and its relatives

Cited by 75 publications

References 82 publications

Genetic characterization ofMycobacterium aviumisolates recovered from humans and animals in Australia

Genetic characterization ofMycobacterium aviumisolates recovered from humans and animals in Australia

Survival of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Dam Water and Sediment

Mycobacterium avium in the Postgenomic Era

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