The background state leading to arsenic contamination of Bengal Basin groundwater

Adel, Miah Muhammad

doi:10.2166/wh.2005.053

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…As early as 1982, Miller et al (1982) postulated that dam construction in India could influence Vibrio dynamics by facilitating salt intrusion downstream. Dam construction has indeed reduced riverine discharge in the Bay of Bengal, resulting in more extensive salt intrusion into its estuaries, particularly in the SW region of Bengal (Wolf 2001;Adel 2005). This has resulted in changes in land use, with rice cultivation being replaced by shrimp farming in upstream areas of the Sunderban (Gebauer 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vibrio cholerae in waters of the Sunderban mangrove: relationship with biogeochemical parameters and chitin in seston size fractions

Lara

Neogi

Islam

et al. 2010

Wetlands Ecol Manage

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Wetland dynamics are probably linked to cholera endemicity in South Asia. We focus on links between Vibrio cholerae abundance, chitin content and suspended particle load in size fractions of suspended particulate matter (SPM) along the salinity gradient of Sunderban mangrove waters. SPM decreased downstream, while salinity increased from 0.2 to 4. Particulate organic carbon (90 ± 25 lM) and nitrogen (9.1 ± 3.3 lM) highly correlated with SPM and turbidity, suggesting a significant contribution of fine particles to organic matter. Total chitin ranged 1-2 mg/l and decreased downstream. The distribution among size fractions of SPM, chitin and V. cholerae O1 (the bacterial serogroup mainly associated with cholera epidemics) was similar, with *98% of the total in the fraction \20 lm. In comparison, the number of V. cholerae O1 attached to zooplankton and microplankton size classes [20 lm was almost negligible, in contrast to usual assumptions. Thus, microdetritus, nanoplankton and fungal cells in size classes \20 lm represent a chitinaceous substrate on which V. cholerae can grow and survive. Total bacteria, cultivable vibrios and V. cholera O1 increased 5-10 times downstream, together with salinity and nitrite concentration. Overall, nitrate and silicate concentrations were relatively constant ([22 lM N and 100 lM Si). However, nitrite increased *9 times in the outer sector, reaching *1.2 lM N, probably as a result of increased abundance of nitrate-reducing vibrios. A characterization of Vibrio habitats that takes account of the presence of nitrate-reducing bacteria could improve the understanding of both mangrove nitrogen cycling and cholera seasonality.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vibrio cholerae in waters of the Sunderban mangrove: relationship with biogeochemical parameters and chitin in seston size fractions

Lara

Neogi

Islam

et al. 2010

Wetlands Ecol Manage

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“…The arsenic disaster in the Ganges delta is the world's worst man-made disaster (Adel, 1999a(Adel, , 1999b(Adel, , 2005(Adel, , 2008a(Adel, , 2013b. Arsenic-poisoning of groundwater due to the sinking groundwater…”

Section: The Arsenic Disastermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The downstream countries' economic condition is not reflected in the GPD figure which never included the loss of natural resource or its depreciation, a fact that is not found when the GDP idea was introduced. If a water-abundant ecosystem is turned water-short, many calamities appear (Miah, 1989(Miah, , 1996a(Miah, , 1996bAdel, 1999a, 1999b, 1999C, 2000a, 2000b, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004a, 2004b, 2005, 2008a, 2008b, 2008c, 2012a, 2012b, 2013b, 2013c, 2013d, 2013e, 2013f, 2013g, Adel and Husain, 2008. This article basically reviews the principal calamities to illustrate the loss of the universality of GDP as this economic index is not truly an index of economic health for the resource-lost country as it is for a resourceful and resource-gaining country.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upstream Natural Resource Piracy-Caused Universality-Lost Economic Health Index GDP

2017

American Research Journal of Biosciences

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“…As groundwater moves on different time scales from one point to another, contaminant is also transported the same way. These scenarios suggest that water scarcity is at the root of the arsenic crisis and it is said to be the world's largest manmade disaster that surfaced due to India's water piracy at the upstream (Adel, 2005) http://www.groundwater.conference.uci.edu/files/chapter 1/2008_conf_AR. A secondary problem arose from using filters to cleanse water of arsenic and dumping the arsenic sludge randomly in the environment -in water bodies and in open air.…”

Section: Musa Khan Basinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Procrastination is an integral part of Indian politics. It may be mentioned that to get the minimum amount of water for the Bangladesh Gangetic ecosystem out of the unilaterally pirated Ganges water by India cost a marathon number of futile meetings between the two nations (Adel, 2005, http://www.groundwater.conference.uci.edu/files/chapter 2/2008_conf_AR.…”

Section: Ajesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Downstream Ecocide From Upstream Water Piracy

Adel¹

2012

American Journal of Environmental Sciences

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Upstream India and downstream Bangladesh share more than 50 international rivers. India has set up water diversion constructions in more than 50% of these rivers, the largest one being on the Bangladesh's northwest upon the Ganges River, puts Bangladesh's Gangetic ecosystem at stake. In some border rivers, India has set up groins on her side of river banks. Also, Indian side pumps Bangladesh river water stealthily from border-rivers. Further, India is constructing another dam and reservoir upstream on the Barak River on the northeast of Bangladesh. Furthermore, India has chalked out a grand plan for river networking. Exploration has been made to assess the degree of the ecosystem degradation both inland and on the coast due to all water diversion constructions around the border, except for the Tipaimukh Dam in which case estimation of projected ecosystem degradation has been mentioned. Finally, Indian grand plan of river networking plan has been briefly touched upon. Site visitations, observations, surveys, measurements and interviews of professionals were made in the project country. Relevant literatures on this issue were reviewed in electronic and print databases. Related published articles in electronic and print media were systematically searched following the key words for the case. Finally, both electronic and print news media have been closely followed to know the latest developments on this issue. The reduced flow of the Ganges in Bangladesh has caused scarcity of fresh water, species endangerment and extinction, obstruction to livestock raising, loss of livelihoods, people's displacement, changes in crop production, reduction in navigable routes, extreme weather, increased flood occurrences, scarcity of potable water, groundwater contamination, reduction in coastal sediment deposition, deterioration of the Ganges water quality and inland intrusion of saline water front. Water diversion constructions in other rivers have caused similar type of ecological problems. The construction of groins on the Indian side of the border rivers has caused bank erosion on the Bangladesh side which changes her map. India benefits herself by occupying the resulting shoal formation within the Bangladesh side of the riverbeds. The Tipaimukh Dam on the Barak River will affect the virgin haor ecosystem the same way as the Ganges basin over a certain time scale. India's river networking plan is going to create a widespread ecocide in the Ganges-Brahmaputra basin. Water, if not the most, is one of the most important components in an ecosystem. Living being cannot survive without it. Ecocide occurs in its absence. Obstruction to the downstream natural flow of rivers by the upstream country unilateral actions is tantamount to violations of human rights which is a crime. With the dilapidated ecosystem, Bangladesh's national security is at stake. Bangladesh's internal immunity is not strong enough to face the threats of climate change events. Bangladesh government should take a tough stand for the country's interests. Sinc...

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The background state leading to arsenic contamination of Bengal Basin groundwater

Abstract: The Bengal basin has the world's densest water diversion constructions on the natural courses of

Cited by 12 publications

References 29 publications

Vibrio cholerae in waters of the Sunderban mangrove: relationship with biogeochemical parameters and chitin in seston size fractions

Vibrio cholerae in waters of the Sunderban mangrove: relationship with biogeochemical parameters and chitin in seston size fractions

Upstream Natural Resource Piracy-Caused Universality-Lost Economic Health Index GDP

Downstream Ecocide From Upstream Water Piracy

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