“…The BF formalism [1,2,3] in arbitrary space or space-time dimensions has shown profound relationships between topological field theory and quantum field theory, from a simplified version of general relativity [4,5], to a new formulation of Yang-Mills (YM) theory [6,7,8,9,10,11]. In the so called first-order formulation, YM theory can be viewed as a perturbative expansion in the coupling constant g around the pure topological BF theory; additionally the BF first-order formulation is on shell equivalent to the usual (second-order) YM theory.…”