The Biomass Coal Fermented (BCF) Briquette as an Alternative Fuel

Abstract

Bottom ash (BA) is a waste categorized as B3, so the disposal process requires special handling and costs. The use of coal as fuel which is increasing in various industries, especially the textile industry, has caused BA generation to be an interesting issue to study. On the other hand, economic activities and production in the urban area leaves problems in the form of municipal solid waste (MSW). This paper aims to utilize both of two wastes to become a fuel product as well as being one of the solutions to environmental problems. The method used in this study is the manufacture of briquettes made from BA and fermented of MSW called Biomass Coal Fermented (BCF) briquettes. Briquette printing uses starch adhesive. The formulation used is 60% BA and 40% MSW. The briquette product then is tested in the boiler-1 of textile industry with a fluidized bed type where the BA produced. The results showed that with a 10% substitution of briquettes on the use of coal, combustion efficiency increased by 48%. The results of air emission measurements show values below the air quality standard for particulates, SO2, and NO2. And when compared to boiler-2 without substitution (100% using the same coal) there was an increase in particulate matter and NO2 respectively by 28% and 2%. But there was a decrease in SO2 value as much as 67%. From the results of this temporary trial, the potential of BCF briquettes can be an alternative fuel in the industry while it could reduce the generating BA and MSW.

Optimizing Utilization of Hazardous Waste and Biomass as Solid Fuel for Co-Firing

“…In industrial activities that continue to operate, these two wastes can accumulate and if not managed will cause problems for the environment. Previous studies have utilized FABA and textile WWTP sludge as solid fuel in the form of briquettes with a mixture of biomass from processed municipal solid waste (MSW) (Marganingrum et al, 2020;Rahmaulina et al, 2022).…”

“…Biobriquettes are alternative fuels made from residual organic materials with a mixture of adhesives and have a certain compressive strength (Yustanti, et al, 2022). The utilization of FABA, WWTP sludge, and biomass into briquettes has been widely carried out in Indonesia, including briquettes made from a mixture of bottom ash from Electric steam power plant and biomass from carbonized teak leaves which produce a calorific value of 2,985 Kcal/kg (Indriyani et al, 2015), briquettes made from a mixture of bottom ash and biomass made from municipal solid waste which produces a calorific value of 3,374 Kcal/kg (Marganingrum et al, 2020), and the manufacture of briquettes from a mixture of bottom ash and sludge from WWTP of textile industry which produces a calorific value of 1,473 Kcal/kg (Rahmaulina et al, 2022). However, these three studies did not make briquettes with a mixture of fly ash, which is produced from the process of burning coal in boilers.…”

Cost assessment of biomass coal fuel on air pollution and coal consumption reduction

“…One textile factory in Bandung Regency has used unburnt carbon mixed with biomass from urban waste as briquettes. The factory used the briquettes as a substitute for coal in boiler machines to meet the energy demands [18,19]. This activity can form a closed-loop flow in the company's processes.…”

Characteristics of Particulate Emissions from Co-Firing in An Industrial Boiler

“…In contrast, biomass is derived from municipal solid waste from Bandung City and Saguling reservoir, processed using "peuyeumization" method. Both materials were mixed homogeneously using a binder with starch adhesive as much as 2% of weight (Marganingrum, 2019).…”

“…BCF briquette was burned in the steam boiler mixed with coal as much as 10%, and another experiment was conducted only with coal (100%). The addition of BCF briquettes is only given at 10% so that it does not affect the boiler's work, which was originally used with only coal (Marganingrum, 2019).…”