The Biotic Environment

Cory, Jenny S.; Deschodt, Pauline

doi:10.1002/9781119256106.ch6

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Despite the wealth of information on single entomopathogen applications, 1,14 using multiple pathogens in the field has received less attention. Numerous laboratory studies have shown synergism and increasing host mortality when using multiple entomopathogen species 15–17 . However, in field conditions, a few trials have shown positive interactions or increased pest mortality, 18,19 while other combinations did not show any differences between the mixtures and the application of a single pathogen 20,21 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compatibility of the fungus Beauveria bassiana and Trichoplusia ni SNPV against the cabbage looper Trichoplusia ni: crop plant matters

Deschodt,

Cory

2024

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUNDMicrobial insecticides are an important weapon in insect pest management, but their use is still relatively limited. One approach for increasing their efficacy and use could be to combine different pathogens to increase pest mortality. However, little is known about whether increasing pathogen diversity will improve pest management. Here, we investigated the compatibility of two pathogens for the management of the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni, T. ni nucleopolyhedrovirus (TniSNPV) and the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana, on two crops, tomato and broccoli. The pathogens were applied to individual plants using ultra low volume sprays, alone or in combination, either synchronously or asynchronously. Healthy third‐instar T. ni larvae were introduced to the plants before application and collected by destructive sampling 24 h after the last pathogen application.RESULTSCombined applications did not result in an increase in larval mortality compared to TniSNPV alone, although mortality was generally high. B. bassiana was considerably less effective on broccoli compared to tomato. In both the combined treatments, virus‐induced mortality was approximately 50% lower when applied together with the fungus, while fungus‐induced mortality was not affected by the virus, even when the virus was introduced 24 h before the fungus.CONCLUSIONWhile our results suggest that applying this combination of entomopathogens would not be beneficial for pest management, this study illustrates the need to consider the target crop as an important driver of the efficacy of both single and mixed pathogen applications in the field. © 2024 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compatibility of the fungus Beauveria bassiana and Trichoplusia ni SNPV against the cabbage looper Trichoplusia ni: crop plant matters

Deschodt,

Cory

2024

Pest Management Science

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“…Pathology has traditionally focused on single host-single pathogen interactions under given environmental conditions (Ben-Horin et al, 2015;Cory & Deschodt, 2017;Vayssier-Taussat et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pathology has traditionally focused on single host–single pathogen interactions under given environmental conditions (Ben‐Horin et al, 2015; Cory & Deschodt, 2017; Vayssier‐Taussat et al, 2014). However, invertebrate host and their pathogens are rarely found in isolation in natural situations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seaweeds influence oyster microbiota and disease susceptibility

Dugeny

Lorgeril

Petton

et al. 2022

Journal of Animal Ecology

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A growing awareness of role that microbiota can play in mediating the effects of pathogens on hosts has given rise to the concept of the pathobiome. Recently, we demonstrated that the Pacific oyster mortality syndrome affecting Crassostrea gigas oysters is caused by infection with the Ostreid herpesvirus type 1 (OsHV‐1) followed by infection with multiple bacterial taxa. Here we extend the concept of this pathobiome beyond the host species and its bacterial microbiota by investigating how seaweed living in association with oysters influences their response to the disease. We hypothesized that by their mere presence in the environment, different species of seaweeds can positively or negatively influence the risk of disease in oysters by shaping their bacterial microbiota and their immune response. Although seaweed and oysters do not have direct ecological interactions, they are connected by seawater and likely share microbes. To test our hypothesis, oysters were acclimated with green, brown or red algae for 2 weeks and then challenged with OsHV‐1. We monitored host survival and pathogen proliferation and performed bacterial microbiota and transcriptome analyses. We found that seaweeds can alter the bacterial microbiota of the host and its response to the disease. More particularly, green algae belonging to the genus Ulva spp. induced bacterial microbiota dysbiosis in oyster and modification of its transcriptional immune response leading to increased susceptibility to the disease. This work provides a better understanding of a marine disease and highlights the importance of considering both macrobiotic and microbiotic interactions for conservation, management and exploitation of marine ecosystems and resources.

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“…Interactive effects arising from coinfection must also be considered. Different parasite species or strains might infect simultaneously, resulting in unpredictable outcomes that are impossible to determine when studying parasites individually (Cory and Deschodt, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of feed and probiotic bacteria on Tenebrio molitor performance and entomopathogen susceptibility

Savio

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Lactobacillus plantarum is available in several probiotic products due to its proven abilities in reducing inflammatory bowel disease, the irritable bowel syndrome and preventing diarrhea.Application to Diptera and Lepidoptera showed effects of Lb. plantarum on host development and performance raising questions about application to other insect Orders. Research objectives and outline of this thesisThe purpose of this thesis is to provide a broad overview of T. molitor symbionts, conduct experimental studies focused on potential application of beneficial symbionts such as Pediococcus pentosaceus KVL B19-01 and Lactobacillus plantarum WJB as potential probiotic strains for decreasing the risk of infections in mass-rearing conditions and for optimizing the quality of the chemical composition of the larvae as they may be consumed as feed and food, representing one of the solutions for upscaling the value of by-products along the food chain.Chapter 2 provides a review of the potential of probiotic applications in mass-reared insects. Methods of isolation, identification and production of probiotic bacterial species are provided, taking into consideration methods of their application in an insect mass-rearing context and the important connections between host-microbiota and provided feed in health preservation and disease management.Chapter 3, provides a review addressing the richness and the variety of interactions between the yellow mealworm and its symbionts, methods of pathogen detection and insights for reducing the risk of pathogen infection in rearing facilities.Chapter 4, is an experimental study focused on T. molitor susceptibility to the entomopathogen Bacillus thuringiensis sv. morrisoni biovar tenebrionis (4AA1) (Btt) in conditions resembling the mass-rearing system environment. The study highlights the direct correlation between entomopathogen load and the yellow mealworm larval growth and mortality. Larvae having higher body mass showed to be more resistant to the pathogen and were not compromised in feed conversion. The data also showed that Btt can persist in the tested conditions suggesting a certain risk for the rearing.Chapter 5, focus on the effects of diet composition and two potential probiotic strains, Pediococcus pentosaceus KVL B19-01 and Lactobacillus plantarum WJB, on performance and microbial community composition of T. molitor larvae affected by the entomopathogens Metarhizium brunneum KVL 12-30 and Bacillus thuringiensis sv. morrisoni biovar tenebrionis (4AA1) single or co-infection.The larvae presented increased growth and survival in case of co-infection when fed with diet supplemented with P. pentosaceus. The bacterial community composition of the larvae was similar in all treatments, indicating that the probiotic strain did not establish at a detectable level in the insect, however, its transient presence improved larval performance in its early developmental stages.In Chapter 6, the effects of diet composition and probiotic provision on T. molitor larval performance and chemical com...

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The Biotic Environment

Cited by 3 publications

References 130 publications

Compatibility of the fungus Beauveria bassiana and Trichoplusia ni SNPV against the cabbage looper Trichoplusia ni: crop plant matters

Compatibility of the fungus Beauveria bassiana and Trichoplusia ni SNPV against the cabbage looper Trichoplusia ni: crop plant matters

Seaweeds influence oyster microbiota and disease susceptibility

Effects of feed and probiotic bacteria on Tenebrio molitor performance and entomopathogen susceptibility

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