The BJR and progress in radiobiological modelling

Dale, Roger G.

doi:10.1259/bjr/52885245

Cited by 3 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…This formulation has the advantage of considering both physical hits and molecular response ( 148 ). The α/β ratio has been determined clinically for normal tissues and tumors ( 17 , 18 , 63 , 64 , 138 , 288 ). Tissues with small α/β ratio values have greater repair capacity and are more sensitive to dose fractionation than tissues with high ratio values.…”

Section: Benefit/risk Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted and Off-Target (Bystander and Abscopal) Effects of Radiation Therapy: Redox Mechanisms and Risk/Benefit Analysis

Pouget

Georgakilas

Ravanat

2018

Antioxidants & Redox Signaling

120

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Significance: Radiation therapy (from external beams to unsealed and sealed radionuclide sources) takes advantage of the detrimental effects of the clustered production of radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Research has mainly focused on the interaction of radiation with water, which is the major constituent of living beings, and with nuclear DNA, which contains the genetic information. This led to the so-called target theory according to which cells have to be hit by ionizing particles to elicit an important biological response, including cell death. In cancer therapy, the Poisson law and linear quadratic mathematical models have been used to describe the probability of hits per cell as a function of the radiation dose.Recent Advances: However, in the last 20 years, many studies have shown that radiation generates “danger” signals that propagate from irradiated to nonirradiated cells, leading to bystander and other off-target effects.Critical Issues: Like for targeted effects, redox mechanisms play a key role also in off-target effects through transmission of ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and also of cytokines, ATP, and extracellular DNA. Particularly, nuclear factor kappa B is essential for triggering self-sustained production of ROS and RNS, thus making the bystander response similar to inflammation. In some therapeutic cases, this phenomenon is associated with recruitment of immune cells that are involved in distant irradiation effects (called “away-from-target” i.e., abscopal effects).Future Directions: Determining the contribution of targeted and off-target effects in the clinic is still challenging. This has important consequences not only in radiotherapy but also possibly in diagnostic procedures and in radiation protection.

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Section: Benefit/risk Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted and Off-Target (Bystander and Abscopal) Effects of Radiation Therapy: Redox Mechanisms and Risk/Benefit Analysis

Pouget

Georgakilas

Ravanat

2018

Antioxidants & Redox Signaling

120

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“…The Dale formalism and the corresponding bioeffect surrogates such as biologically effective dose (BED) and equivalent dose in 2 Gy fraction (EQD2) have since been used by many investigators in exploring a whole host of radiobiological questions for brachytherapy. 3,4,43 Users applying the BED surrogate to permanent implants, however, can encounter a conceptual problem for proliferating tumors, that is, the value of BED can become negative as treatment goes on indefinitely. 6,44 In 2000, Zaider and Minerbo 36 introduced a TCP model based on the stochastic process of cell birth and death which can also be used for the complex temporal dose delivery patterns of brachytherapy.…”

Section: Biophysical Model Development For Brachytherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Significant progress has been made over the last five decades in biophysical modeling of radiation-induced tissue responses. 1,3,4 Several tissue-response models and surrogate tools have been introduced and been used by investigators, primarily in research settings. These studies indicate that biophysical models and tools, even though still primitive, are useful in elucidating the tissue responses to different spatial and temporal dose delivery patterns and in optimizing RT treatment plans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 Such modeling efforts increased significantly since the late 1980s. 4 While the early applications of biophysical models were carried out largely by experts in research settings, these models have since been used increasingly by clinical medical physicists in the last two decades for analyzing the radiobiological effects of different brachytherapy techniques and their potential clinical implications. 6 Some of these models are becoming available in the forms of sharewares or optional tools in selected treatment planning systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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AAPM Task Group Report 267: A joint AAPM GEC‐ESTRO report on biophysical models and tools for the planning and evaluation of brachytherapy

Chen,

Li,

Brenner

et al. 2024

Medical Physics

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Brachytherapy utilizes a multitude of radioactive sources and treatment techniques that often exhibit widely different spatial and temporal dose delivery patterns. Biophysical models, capable of modeling the key interacting effects of dose delivery patterns with the underlying cellular processes of the irradiated tissues, can be a potentially useful tool for elucidating the radiobiological effects of complex brachytherapy dose delivery patterns and for comparing their relative clinical effectiveness. While the biophysical models have been used largely in research settings by experts, it has also been used increasingly by clinical medical physicists over the last two decades. A good understanding of the potentials and limitations of the biophysical models and their intended use is critically important in the widespread use of these models. To facilitate meaningful and consistent use of biophysical models in brachytherapy, Task Group 267 (TG‐267) was formed jointly with the American Association of Physics in Medicine (AAPM) and The Groupe Européen de Curiethérapie and the European Society for Radiotherapy & Oncology (GEC‐ESTRO) to review the existing biophysical models, model parameters, and their use in selected brachytherapy modalities and to develop practice guidelines for clinical medical physicists regarding the selection, use, and interpretation of biophysical models. The report provides an overview of the clinical background and the rationale for the development of biophysical models in radiation oncology and, particularly, in brachytherapy; a summary of the results of literature review of the existing biophysical models that have been used in brachytherapy; a focused discussion of the applications of relevant biophysical models for five selected brachytherapy modalities; and the task group recommendations on the use, reporting, and implementation of biophysical models for brachytherapy treatment planning and evaluation. The report concludes with discussions on the challenges and opportunities in using biophysical models for brachytherapy and with an outlook for future developments

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“…Although the LQ model remains an oversimplified description of the events in radiotherapy, it can be used to identify potentially dangerous treatments that are best avoided. 86 This model assumes that there are two components to cell killing, one that is proportional to dose and the other which is proportional to the square of the dose. Using this model, the formula for cell survival is S=e -αD-βD2 where S is the fraction of cells surviving the dose D and α and β are constants.…”

Section: Dose (Gy)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A brief review on the biological effects of radiation on cells

Hau

Graham

2012

Radiographer

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The main purpose of this paper is to provide a brief overview of the response of cells to ionising radiation. The molecular and cellular response of normal and neoplastic cells to radiation has important clinical implications and is also an active area of research. Accumulating detailed knowledge of cellular biology may also allow more effective ways of delivering radiation therapy or combining it with systemic therapies in ways which may improve the therapeutic index.

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The BJR and progress in radiobiological modelling

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

Targeted and Off-Target (Bystander and Abscopal) Effects of Radiation Therapy: Redox Mechanisms and Risk/Benefit Analysis

Targeted and Off-Target (Bystander and Abscopal) Effects of Radiation Therapy: Redox Mechanisms and Risk/Benefit Analysis

AAPM Task Group Report 267: A joint AAPM GEC‐ESTRO report on biophysical models and tools for the planning and evaluation of brachytherapy

A brief review on the biological effects of radiation on cells

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