The Blind Side: Latency Challenges in Millimeter Wave Networks for Connected Vehicle Applications

Tunc, Caglar; Özkoç, Mustafa F.; Fund, Fraida; Panwar, Shivendra S.

doi:10.1109/tvt.2020.3046501

Cited by 16 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Moreover, deploying taller RSUs mainly eliminates short blockages while the remaining long blockages cause a larger average blockage duration. These findings are consistent with our observations in [25] for a V2I network.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…We denote the fixed height of a BV by h B , and the length of a BV is exponentially distributed with mean 1/µ B . Note that, as we show in our previous work [25], the analysis presented in this paper works for more general height and length distributions, such as Gaussian. However, for tractability of the analysis, we assume fixed vehicle heights and exponentially distributed vehicle lengths in this paper.…”

Section: A Highway Modelmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…For a given probability distribution for each vehicle type in a lane, we use a two-state continuous time Markov chain, as proposed in [25] and illustrated in Figure 3, to model the BV placement. This is a simplified two-state model of the underlying vehicle type distribution that characterizes whether a vehicle can block an LOS V2I link or not.…”

Section: E Model Of Blocking Vehicle Placement Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our previous work [25], we analyzed LOS V2I links and obtained the blockage probability and the average blockage duration, for arbitrary vehicle classes with any given distri-bution for the vehicle dimensions. In this paper, we extend our analysis in [25] such that V2V sidelinks can be used in order to relay the traffic from a given CV. Our main goal is to provide an analytical framework that will enable fast and accurate analysis of a vehicular relay network, without the need to run long and extensive simulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mitigating the Impact of Blockages in Millimeter-Wave Vehicular Networks Through Vehicular Relays

Tunc

Panwar

2021

IEEE Open J. Intell. Transp. Syst.

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With the high data rates and ultra-low latency it provides, millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications will be a key enabler for future vehicular networks. However, due to high penetration losses and high mobility, mmWave links experience frequent blockages. We present an analytical framework to evaluate the performance of vehicular relaying, where vehicles on a highway exchange data with the network, either over direct vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) links with roadside units or a combination of a vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) sidelink and a V2I link. Both V2V and V2I line-of-sight links can be blocked by other vehicles. We establish continuous-time Markov chain models of the blockage events that V2I links and vehicular relays experience, and use their steady-state solution to obtain analytical expressions for the blockage probability, average blockage duration and the SINR distribution. We demonstrate through numerical examples that relays are helpful especially when the traffic density is high since they can provide intermittent but more frequent connection opportunities and reduce the blockage duration. We show that relays that are far from a vehicle only have a marginal benefit since they are blocked with higher probability, compared to the closer relays. The proposed analytical framework enables fast and accurate assessment of a given deployment scenario, which will benefit researchers exploring mmWave-enabled vehicular networks.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: A Highway Modelmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: E Model Of Blocking Vehicle Placement Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mitigating the Impact of Blockages in Millimeter-Wave Vehicular Networks Through Vehicular Relays

Tunc

Panwar

2021

IEEE Open J. Intell. Transp. Syst.

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Near‐ground propagation in automotive radar and communication obstructed deployments: Measurements and modelling

Solomitckii

Semkin

Turunen

et al. 2022

IET Microwaves Antenna & Prop

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Wireless communication and radars will play a crucial role for autonomous vehicles in the nearest future. However, the blockage caused by surrounding cars can degrade communication performance, while automotive radars are never aimed to operate in such conditions. Therefore, in this paper, the authors propose the concept of near-ground propagation, reducing the blockage effect in the road traffic conditions. Specifically, the radio waves may freely propagate under the blocking car's bottom if the antennas are placed as low as possible to the road. Based on the measured and modelled results presented in the paper, it may be claimed that near-ground communication and radar sensing are feasible and may combat even heavily obstructed cases. Nevertheless, some challenges associated with antenna locations were encountered. For example, it was discovered that antenna height at 0.5 m acts less effectively against blockage than at 0.3 m. Next, the 27 dB excess loss at the 0.5 m antenna height in the radar deployment is larger than 17 dB at 0.3 m. In its turn, the higher ground clearance of the blocking vehicle positively affects the near-ground performance. Additionally, the signal propagation at the grazing angle crucially reduces the relevant losses.

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Mobility Support for Millimeter Wave Communications: Opportunities and Challenges

Niu

et al. 2022

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

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The Blind Side: Latency Challenges in Millimeter Wave Networks for Connected Vehicle Applications

Cited by 16 publications

References 28 publications

Mitigating the Impact of Blockages in Millimeter-Wave Vehicular Networks Through Vehicular Relays

Mitigating the Impact of Blockages in Millimeter-Wave Vehicular Networks Through Vehicular Relays

Near‐ground propagation in automotive radar and communication obstructed deployments: Measurements and modelling

Mobility Support for Millimeter Wave Communications: Opportunities and Challenges

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