The bovine digital cushion – a descriptive anatomical study

Räber, Marta; Lischer, Christoph; Geyer, Hans; Ossent, Pete

doi:10.1016/s1090-0233(03)00053-4

Cited by 81 publications

(126 citation statements)

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“…Digital cushions of forelimbs have a greater amount of adipose tissue relative to hindlimbs (Räber et al 2004), which was also observed in the present study, but with no statistical difference. This proportion can be because forelimbs are responsible for supporting the major part of animal body weight (Räber et al 2004).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…The structural similarity is because both bear a greater proportion of body weight in relation to other animals, such as horses that have a more developed support apparatus due to a flexible hoof, which gives in the pressure impact with the ground and dissipates the resulting concussion, reinforced accessory ligaments especially superficial and deep flexor tendons. Also differently from horses, the bovine digital cushion has no complex architecture made up by elastic fiber bundles, fibrocartilage and myxoid tissue, but a complex architecture that consists of elastic fiber bundles arranged in the periphery of the adipose tissue and irregular bundles of collagen fibers that, in turn form projections that delimi- ted this tissue, and forming large lobes filled with adipose tissue, constituting thus a support network in mesh (Fig.3) (Räber et al 2004, Weissengruber et al 2006. The main characteristic of the adipose tissue in other regions of the body is to work as a thermal insulator in heat dissipation, but in the digital cushion it works as mechanical insulator, an efficient absorber of forces, providing a soft and tough consistency at the same time (Räber et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This proportion can be because forelimbs are responsible for supporting the major part of animal body weight (Räber et al 2004). In other words, the need for tissues that actually promote the maintenance of structure and integrity of the digit, such as the connective tissue, revealed to be more important than the presence of a great amount of adipose tissue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inside the capsule of the hoof, the supporting mechanism is given by the solear corium, associated with the loose connective tissue and digital cushions with variable amounts of adipose tissue (Bergsten 2003). These digital cushions are complex in thickness and size, operating in shock absorption to the distal phalanx and heel, dissipating the forces inside the hoof, these structures still works to maintain the support of a considerable part of the animal weight (Räber et al 2004). The lameness in cattle is an important economic and sanitary problem, which causes economic losses in herds in which its incidence is high, these losses are result of diseases, primarily emerging as result of disease and not by the cost of treatment itself (Kester et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphoquantitative description of bovine digital cushion

et al. 2015

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RESUMO.-[Descrição morfoquantitativa do tórus digital de bovinos.] O tórus digital é caracterizado como um tecido subcutâneo modificado que atua na absorção do impacto durante a locomoção, auxilia o retorno venoso do casco e mantêm o suporte de uma considerável parte do peso corporal. Os tórus possuem particular importância nas patogêneses de casco, já que eles precisam trabalhar corretamente para prevenir compressões e traumas nos tecidos moles. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi quantificar e com isso determinar, como se arranjam estas estruturas, para tanto, foram estabelecidas as proporções dos tecidos conjuntivo, adiposo, vascular e ainda das fibras colágenas e dos tipos de colágenos encontrados nos tórus digitais palmares e plantares de bovinos. Foram utilizados membros torácicos e pélvicos de doze bovinos zebuínos adultos, de ambos os sexos, sendo onze machos e uma fêmea, com peso The digital cushion is characterized as a modified subcutaneous tissue that absorbs the shock during gait, assists venous return of the hoof and supports a considerable part of body weight. Digital cushions have particular importance in the pathogenesis of the hoof, since they need to properly work in order to prevent compression and traumas in soft tissues. This study aimed to measure and determine how is the arrangement of these structures, and for this it was established the proportions of connective, adipose, vascular tissues and collagen fibers and collagen types found in palmar and plantar digital cushion of bovine using fore and hindlimbs of twelve adult zebu cattle of both sexes, 11 male and one female, with 269kg average carcass weight and without limb disorders. Fragments of cushions were subjected to conventional histology, cut to a thickness of 4µm and stained with Red Picrosirius. With digital optical microscope, the quantification of the connective tissue and differentiation of types of collagen used the Image Pro Plus ® software, and of adipose and vascular tissue, the test point system. The mean and standard error were estimated with the GraphPad Prism 5.0 software, and then data were subjected to Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test and Student's t-test with significance level set at 5% for determining the amount of different tissues between fore and hindlimbs of studied animals. In forelimbs the mean and standard error of the connective tissue proportion was 50.10%+1.54, of the adipose tissue was 21.34%+1.44, and of vascular tissue was 3.43%+0.28. Hindlimbs presented a proportion of connective tissue of 61.61%+1.47, 20.66%+1.53 of adipose tissue, and 3.06%+0.20 of vascular tissue. A significant difference (p<0.001) was detected in the connective tissue proportion between fore and hindlimbs. Types I and II collagen fibers have presented, respectively, a proportion of 31.89% and 3.9% in forelimbs and 34.05% and 1.78% in hindlimbs. According to the used methodology, digital cushions had a clear differentiation relative to adipose tissue between fore and hindlimbs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphoquantitative description of bovine digital cushion

et al. 2015

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“…A key supportive structure is the digital cushion, which is a connective tissue capsule containing discrete depots of fat that sit beneath the distal phalanx (Räber et al, 2004). Several studies have measured the combined thickness of the digital cushion and corium, collectively to be termed sole soft tissues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A prospective cohort study of digital cushion and corium thickness. Part 2: Does thinning of the digital cushion and corium lead to lameness and claw horn disruption lesions?

Newsome

Green

Bell

et al. 2017

Journal of Dairy Science

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Lameness in Dairy Cattle

Shearer

Amstel

2011

Dairy Production Medicine

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The most common noninfectious causes of lameness affecting the bovine digit are ulcers, white line disease, and traumatic lesions of the sole, including thin sole toe ulcers (TSTUs) predisposed by thin soles due to excessive wear or overtrimming. Some of these conditions are predisposed by metabolic disorders including rumen acidosis and laminitis along with other physiological factors that affect the integrity of the suspensory apparatus of the third phalanx, particularly during the transition period. All are complicated by mechanical factors induced by life on hard fl ooring surfaces that contribute to lameness either by encouraging overgrowth and altered weight bearing, or by predisposing to traumatic lesions of the sole sometimes exacerbated by abrasive fl ooring conditions. The second group of disorders affecting the ruminant digit is the infectious disorders of the foot skin. These represent some of the most common and important causes of lameness in cattle; however, unlike the lesion associated with a sole ulcer or white line disease that specifi cally affects the claw, these diseases affect the " skin " of the interdigital space, heel bulbs, and interdigital cleft (on the back of the foot above the interdigital space). Although there are some differences in the way these conditions develop and the way they appear, they all have at least one thing in common: They are caused by infectious agents capable of inducing infl ammation and lameness.Dairy Production Medicine, First Edition. Edited by Carlos A. Risco, Pedro Melendez Retamal.

show abstract

The bovine digital cushion – a descriptive anatomical study

Cited by 81 publications

References 10 publications

Morphoquantitative description of bovine digital cushion

Morphoquantitative description of bovine digital cushion

A prospective cohort study of digital cushion and corium thickness. Part 2: Does thinning of the digital cushion and corium lead to lameness and claw horn disruption lesions?

Lameness in Dairy Cattle

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