The Brain Network Underpinning Novel Melody Creation

Adhikari, Bhim M.; Norgaard, Martin; Quinn, Kristen M.; Ampudia, Jenine; Squirek, Justin; Dhamala, Mukesh

doi:10.1089/brain.2016.0453

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Our research helps to better validate EEG findings into the investigation of brain activity underlying improvisation by utilizing advanced techniques (ASR, ICA and ICLabel) to clean and exclude artifacts from the data. Although body movement is an inherent part of playing a musical instrument, previous EEG research investigating improvisation has not used techniques such as ICA to separate brain activity from physiological and movement-based artifacts (Dolan et al, 2013(Dolan et al, , 2018Müller et al, 2013;Wan et al, 2014;Dikaya and Skirtach, 2015;Adhikari et al, 2016;Sanyal et al, 2016;Lopata et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous EEG research concerned with music improvisation has not used techniques such as ICA to separate brain activity from physiological and movementbased artifacts. Most EEG music improvisation studies use only simple band-pass filtering and amplitude-based trial rejection as well as subjective visual inspection techniques (Dolan et al, 2013(Dolan et al, , 2018Müller et al, 2013;Wan et al, 2014;Dikaya and Skirtach, 2015;Adhikari et al, 2016;Sanyal et al, 2016;Lopata et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Music Improvisation Is Characterized by Increase EEG Spectral Power in Prefrontal and Perceptual Motor Cortical Sources and Can be Reliably Classified From Non-improvisatory Performance

Sasaki

Iversen

Callan

2019

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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This study expores neural activity underlying creative processes through the investigation of music improvisation. Fourteen guitar players with a high level of improvisation skill participated in this experiment. The experimental task involved playing 32-s alternating blocks of improvisation and scales on guitar. electroencephalography (EEG) data was measured continuously throughout the experiment. In order to remove potential artifacts and extract brain-related activity the following signal processing techniques were employed: bandpass filtering, Artifact Subspace Reconstruction, and Independent Component Analysis (ICA). For each participant, artifact related independent components (ICs) were removed from the EEG data and only ICs found to be from brain activity were retained. Source localization using this brain-related activity was carried out using sLORETA. Greater activity for improvisation over scale was found in multiple frequency bands (theta, alpha, and beta) localized primarily in the medial frontal cortex (MFC), Middle frontal gyrus (MFG), anterior cingulate, polar medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), premotor cortex (PMC), pre and postcentral gyrus (PreCG and PostCG), superior temporal gyrus (STG), inferior parietal lobule (IPL), and the temporalparietal junction. Together this collection of brain regions suggests that improvisation was mediated by processes involved in coordinating planned sequences of movement that are modulated in response to ongoing environmental context through monitoring and feedback of sensory states in relation to internal plans and goals. Machine-learning using Common Spatial Patterns (CSP) for EEG feature extraction attained a mean of over 75% classification performance for improvisation vs. scale conditions across participants. These machine-learning results are a step towards the development of a brain-computer interface that could be used for neurofeedback training to improve creativity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Music Improvisation Is Characterized by Increase EEG Spectral Power in Prefrontal and Perceptual Motor Cortical Sources and Can be Reliably Classified From Non-improvisatory Performance

Sasaki

Iversen

Callan

2019

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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“…We did not have predictions related to changes in connectivity as earlier studies utilizing the contrast between improvisation and memory retrieval did not report related changes in connectivity. We did, however, hypothesize that the superior temporal gyrus (STG) would be part of a network based on our prior electroencephalography study (Adhikari et al, 2016) and the location of the auditory cortices.…”

Section: Vocalizing and Imagining Improvisationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher Node Activity with Less Functional Connectivity During Musical Improvisation

et al. 2019

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Musical improvisation is one of the most complex forms of creative behavior, which offers a realistic task paradigm for the investigation of real-time creativity where revision is not possible. Despite some previous studies on musical improvisation and brain activity, what and how brain areas are involved during musical improvisation are not clearly understood. In this article, we designed a new functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, in which, while being in the MRI scanner, advanced jazz improvisers performed improvisatory vocalization and imagery as main tasks and performed a prelearned melody as a control task. We incorporated a musical imagery task to avoid possible confounds of mixed motor and perceptual variables in previous studies. We found that musical improvisation compared with prelearned melody is characterized by higher node activity in the Broca's area, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, lateral premotor cortex, supplementary motor area and cerebellum, and lower functional connectivity in number and strength among these regions. We discuss various explanations for the divergent activation and connectivity results. These results point to the notion that a human creative behavior performed under real-time constraints is an internally directed behavior controlled primarily by a smaller brain network in the frontal cortex.

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“…Meanwhile, Müller et al ( 2013 ) found greater inter-brain synchronization of theta and delta oscillatory activity compared to higher frequency oscillatory activity during musical improvisation between two guitarists. Additionally, Adhikari et al ( 2016 ) attributed decreased coherence with frontal oscillatory brain activity during musical improvisation compared to during performance of pre-learned music as important to the spontaneity of improvisation. Network-based analysis has also been used to identify potential regions of interest during musical improvisation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral-Spatial Differentiation of Brain Activity During Mental Imagery of Improvisational Music Performance Using MEG

Boasen

Takeshita

Kuriki

et al. 2018

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Group musical improvisation is thought to be akin to conversation, and therapeutically has been shown to be effective at improving communicativeness, sociability, creative expression, and overall psychological health. To understand these therapeutic effects, clarifying the nature of brain activity during improvisational cognition is important. Some insight regarding brain activity during improvisational music cognition has been gained via functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG). However, we have found no reports based on magnetoencephalography (MEG). With the present study, we aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of improvisational music performance experimentation in MEG. We designed a novel MEG-compatible keyboard, and used it with experienced musicians (N = 13) in a music performance paradigm to spectral-spatially differentiate spontaneous brain activity during mental imagery of improvisational music performance. Analyses of source activity revealed that mental imagery of improvisational music performance induced greater theta (5–7 Hz) activity in left temporal areas associated with rhythm production and communication, greater alpha (8–12 Hz) activity in left premotor and parietal areas associated with sensorimotor integration, and less beta (15–29 Hz) activity in right frontal areas associated with inhibition control. These findings support the notion that musical improvisation is conversational, and suggest that creation of novel auditory content is facilitated by a more internally-directed, disinhibited cognitive state.

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The Brain Network Underpinning Novel Melody Creation

Cited by 17 publications

References 81 publications

Music Improvisation Is Characterized by Increase EEG Spectral Power in Prefrontal and Perceptual Motor Cortical Sources and Can be Reliably Classified From Non-improvisatory Performance

Music Improvisation Is Characterized by Increase EEG Spectral Power in Prefrontal and Perceptual Motor Cortical Sources and Can be Reliably Classified From Non-improvisatory Performance

Higher Node Activity with Less Functional Connectivity During Musical Improvisation

Spectral-Spatial Differentiation of Brain Activity During Mental Imagery of Improvisational Music Performance Using MEG

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