The Brief Case: Staphylococcus intermedius Group—Look What the Dog Dragged In

Lainhart, William; Yarbrough, Melanie L.; Burnham, Carey‐Ann D.

doi:10.1128/jcm.00839-17

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…These finding (morphological and biochemical) identified the bacteria as a Staphylococcus spp. but more specifically due to the appearance, biochemical tests (catalase and coagulase test) and the hemolysis on blood agar as S. aureus [ 23 , 24 ] ( Table 1 ). The cultured bacteria were sensitive to tetracyclines, ampicillin, trivetrin and ceftiofur.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mammary Diseases in a Captive Reared Agouti (Dasyprocta leporina) in Trinidad

Jones

Lall

Suepaul

et al. 2020

Veterinary Sciences

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The agouti (Dasyprocta leporina) is a neotropical rodent that is utilized for its meat by hunters as well as wildlife farmers. There is a dearth of information on infectious diseases that affect these animals. At present, there has been no recording in the literature on diseases of mammary tissue in these animals. This case reported on the abnormal mammary enlargement of a four year old female agouti post-partum. Blood, milk and tissue samples were taken for diagnostics to determine the cause of disease. Histological samples confirmed the swelling of the mammary gland as a diffuse mammary hyperplasia. Hematological values obtained were within the reference range of agoutis reared in captivity. The milk samples that were taken cultured Staphylococcus spp. in one mammary gland (left inguinal). The cultured bacteria in the milk samples confirmed this animal had mastitis. The bacterial cultured (Staphylococcus aureus) was sensitive to tetracyclines, ampicillin, trivetrin and ceftiofur. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first record in the literature on mastitis in the agouti. Thus, this information will add to the knowledge of diseases in captive reared agoutis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mammary Diseases in a Captive Reared Agouti (Dasyprocta leporina) in Trinidad

Jones

Lall

Suepaul

et al. 2020

Veterinary Sciences

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“…S. pseudintermedius is recognized as an important causative agent of pyoderma, dermatitis, and otitis externa in dogs, cats, horses, and other animals [27]. However, its host range is not restricted only to non-human animals, but colonization and zoonotic infections of humans are increasingly recognized [28][29][30][31][32][33][34]. The taxonomic description of S. delphini, in 1988 [15], was based on two strains isolated from purulent skin lesions of two dolphins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Staphylococcus intermedius Group Isolates Associated with Animals from Antarctica and Emended Description of Staphylococcus delphini

et al. 2020

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Members of the genus Staphylococcus are widespread in nature and occupy a variety of niches, however, staphylococcal colonization of animals in the Antarctic environment has not been adequately studied. Here, we describe the first isolation and characterization of two Staphylococcus intermedius group (SIG) members, Staphylococcus delphini and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, in Antarctic wildlife. Staphylococcus delphini were found exclusively in Adélie penguins. The report of S. pseudintermedius from Weddell seals confirmed its occurrence in all families of the suborder Caniformia. Partial RNA polymerase beta-subunit (rpoB) gene sequencing, repetitive PCR fingerprinting with the (GTG)5 primer, and matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry gave consistent identification results and proved to be suitable for identifying SIG members. Comparative genomics of S. delphini isolates revealed variable genomic elements, including new prophages, a novel phage-inducible chromosomal island, and numerous putative virulence factors. Surface and extracellular protein distribution were compared between genomes and showed strain-specific profiles. The pathogenic potential of S. delphini was enhanced by a novel type of exfoliative toxin, trypsin-like serine protease cluster, and enterotoxin C. Detailed analysis of phenotypic characteristics performed on six Antarctic isolates of S. delphini and eight reference strains from different animal sources enabled us to emend the species description of S. delphini.

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“…Staphylococcus aureus is a formidable human pathogen that causes a wide variety of invasive and life-threatening infections. Closely related staphylococcal species, S. pseudintermedius and S. schleiferi, cause similar skin, soft tissue, and invasive infections in companion animals and are increasingly appreciated as serious pathogens of humans (3)(4)(5)(6). Rising rates of methicillin resistance are reported in all three species, with methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) labeled a "serious threat" by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (7)(8)(9)(10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial prodrug activation by the staphylococcal glyoxalase GloB

Mikati¹,

Miller²,

Osbourn

et al. 2020

Preprint

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With the rising prevalence of multidrug-resistance, there is an urgent need to develop novel antibiotics. Many putative antibiotics demonstrate promising in vitro potency but fail in vivo due to poor drug-like qualities (e.g. serum half-life, oral absorption, solubility, toxicity). These drug-like properties can be modified through the addition of chemical protecting groups, creating “prodrugs” that are activated prior to target inhibition. Lipophilic prodrugging techniques, including the attachment of a pivaloyloxymethyl group, have garnered attention for their ability to increase cellular permeability by masking charged residues and the relative ease of the chemical prodrugging process. Unfortunately, pivaloyloxymethyl prodrugs are rapidly activated by human sera, rendering any membrane permeability qualities absent during clinical treatment. Identification of the bacterial prodrug activation pathway(s) will allow for the development of host-stable and microbe-targeted prodrug therapies. Here, we use two zoonotic staphylococcal species, S. schleiferi and S. pseudintermedius, to establish the mechanism of carboxy ester prodrug activation. Using a forward genetic screen, we identify a conserved locus in both species encoding the enzyme hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase (GloB), whose loss-of-function confers resistance to carboxy ester prodrugs. We enzymatically characterize GloB and demonstrate that it is a functional glyoxalase II enzyme, which has the capacity to activate carboxy ester prodrugs. As GloB homologs are both widespread and diverse in sequence, our findings suggest that GloB may be a useful mechanism for developing species-or genus-level prodrug targeting strategies.

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The Brief Case: Staphylococcus intermedius Group—Look What the Dog Dragged In

Cited by 11 publications

References 9 publications

Mammary Diseases in a Captive Reared Agouti (Dasyprocta leporina) in Trinidad

Mammary Diseases in a Captive Reared Agouti (Dasyprocta leporina) in Trinidad

Characterization of Staphylococcus intermedius Group Isolates Associated with Animals from Antarctica and Emended Description of Staphylococcus delphini

Antimicrobial prodrug activation by the staphylococcal glyoxalase GloB

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