The Campanian Ignimbrite and Codola tephra layers: Two temporal/stratigraphic markers for the Early Upper Palaeolithic in southern Italy and eastern Europe

Giaccio, Biagio; Isaia, Roberto; Fedele, Francesco; Canzio, E. Di; Hoffecker, John F.; Ronchitelli, Annamaria; Sinitsyn, Andrei; Anikovich, M. V.; Lisitsyn, Sergey; Popov, Vasil

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.10.007

Cited by 154 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…The stratigraphic position of tephra PT0915-6 below the Y-3 tephra (suggesting > 30 000-31 000 cal yr BP) and between the radiocarbon ages of samples ETH-40064 (31 009 ± 202 cal yr BP, Table 1) and ETH-40065 (37 760 ± 808 cal yr BP, Table 1) suggests a correlation with the widespread Codola eruption. The most reliable age for the Codola eruption comes from radiocarbon dating of foraminifera directly below the Codola tephra in a marine core from the Tyrrhenian Sea (34 270 ± 870 cal yr BP; Paterne et al, 1999), which agrees with the age window suggested by Giaccio et al (2008). However, PT0915-6 partly shows a different compositional trend compared to proximal (e.g., Di Vito et al, 2008;Giaccio et al, 2008;Santacroce et al, 2008) and most distal (e.g., TM-16, Wulf et al, 2004;OT0702-5, Vogel et al, 2010) deposits, which are correlated with Codola (Fig.…”

Section: Pt0915-6/unknownsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…4e). This could be explained by a lack of information, i.e., origin, dynamics, dispersal, and composition of Codola (e.g., Santacroce, 1987;Sulpizio et al, 2003;Di Vito et al, 2008;Giaccio et al, 2008;Santacroce et al, 2008). Considering the time interval, other potential sources for PT0915-6 are the eruptions of Schiava (Di Vito et al, 2008) and Taurano .…”

Section: Pt0915-6/unknownmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6). Moreover, the thickness of PT0915-7 (19 cm) and the trimodal composition of glass shards are particular fingerprints of the well-known Campanian Ignimbrite (CI) eruption from the Campi Flegrei (e.g., Orsi et al, 1996;Civetta et al, 1997;Giaccio et al, 2008). The CI eruption is one of the largest explosive eruptions of the Mediterranean region (Pyle et al, 2006) and can be sub-divided into an early phase with the most-evolved deposits and a final phase related to the caldera collapse with less-evolved deposits (e.g., Civetta et al, 1997;Pappalardo et al, 1999).…”

Section: Pt0915-7/y-5mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the Lago Grande di Monticchio varve chronology, the Y-5/TM-18 deposits have an age of 36 770 cal yr BP (Wulf et al, 2006). Laser 40 Ar/ 39 Ar technique on single sanidine crystals proposed ages of 37 100 ± 400 yr (Deino et al, 1994) and 41 The Y-5 tephra is the most significant tephra in the central Mediterranean region and extends further to the east and northeast up into Russia (Pyle et al, 2006;Fedele et al, 2008;Giaccio et al, 2008;Fig. 9).…”

Section: Pt0915-7/y-5mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tephrostratigraphic studies on a sediment core from Lake Prespa in the Balkans

et al. 2013

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A detailed tephrostratigraphic record, which dates back to Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5b (ca. 91 kyr), has been established from a 17.76 m long core (Co1215) from Lake Prespa (Macedonia, Albania and Greece). A total of eleven tephra and cryptotephra layers (PT0915-1 to PT0915-11) were identified, using XRF scanning, magnetic susceptibility measurements, and macro- and microscopic inspection of the sediments. The major element composition of glass shards and/or micro-pumice fragments indicates that the tephras and cryptotephras originate from the explosive volcanism of Italy. Eight tephra and cryptotephra layers were correlated with specific volcanic eruptions: the AD 512 eruption of Somma-Vesuvius (1438 cal yr BP), the Mercato eruption of Somma-Vesuvius (8890 ± 90 cal yr BP), the Tufi Biancastri/LN1-LN2 eruption of the Campi Flegrei (14 749 ± 523 cal yr BP and 15 551 ± 621 cal yr BP), the SMP1-e/Y-3 eruption of the Campi Flegrei (30 000-31 000 cal yr BP), the Campanian Ignimbrite/Y-5 eruption of the Campi Flegrei (39 280 ± 110 cal yr BP), the SMP1-a event of Ischia Island (around 44 000 cal yr BP) and the Green Tuff/Y-6 eruption of Pantelleria Island (around 45 000 cal yr BP). One tephra could be attributed to the volcanic activity of Mount Etna, but probably represents an unknown eruption at ca. 60 000 cal yr BP. Cryptotephras PT0915-6 and PT0915-10 remain unclassified so far, but according to the presented age-depth model these would have been deposited around 35 000 and 48 500 cal yr BP, respectively. Some of the tephras and cryptotephras are recognised for the first time in the Balkan region. The tephrostratigraphic work provides important information about ash dispersal and explosion patterns of source volcanoes and can be used to correlate and date geographically distant paleoenvironmental and archaeological archives in the central Mediterranean region. Moreover, the tephrostratigraphic work in combination with radiocarbon and electron spin resonance (ESR) dating is a precondition for paleoclimatic reconstructions inferred from the sediment succession Co1215

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Section: Pt0915-6/unknownsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Pt0915-6/unknownmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pt0915-7/y-5mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pt0915-7/y-5mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tephrostratigraphic studies on a sediment core from Lake Prespa in the Balkans

et al. 2013

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“…De Vivo et al, 2001;Giaccio et al, 2008). The fine ash of this this eruption spread in a plume eastwards and northeastwards as far as North Africa, the eastern Mediterranean and the Russian Plain (Costa et al, 2012).…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

Danube loess stratigraphy — Towards a pan-European loess stratigraphic model

Marković

Stevens

Kukla

et al. 2015

Earth-Science Reviews

269

248

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Quantifying volcanic hazard at Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy) with uncertainty assessment: 1. Vent opening maps

et al. 2015

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Campi Flegrei is an active volcanic area situated in the Campanian Plain (Italy) and dominated by a resurgent caldera. The great majority of past eruptions have been explosive, variable in magnitude, intensity, and in their vent locations. In this hazard assessment study we present a probabilistic analysis using a variety of volcanological data sets to map the background spatial probability of vent opening conditional on the occurrence of an event in the foreseeable future. The analysis focuses on the reconstruction of the location of past eruptive vents in the last 15 ka, including the distribution of faults and surface fractures as being representative of areas of crustal weakness. One of our key objectives was to incorporate some of the main sources of epistemic uncertainty about the volcanic system through a structured expert elicitation, thereby quantifying uncertainties for certain important model parameters and allowing outcomes from different expert weighting models to be evaluated. Results indicate that past vent locations are the most informative factors governing the probabilities of vent opening, followed by the locations of faults and then fractures. Our vent opening probability maps highlight the presence of a sizeable region in the central eastern part of the caldera where the likelihood of new vent opening per kilometer squared is about 6 times higher than the baseline value for the whole caldera. While these probability values have substantial uncertainties associated with them, our findings provide a rational basis for hazard mapping of the next eruption at Campi Flegrei caldera.

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The Campanian Ignimbrite and Codola tephra layers: Two temporal/stratigraphic markers for the Early Upper Palaeolithic in southern Italy and eastern Europe

Cited by 154 publications

References 70 publications

Tephrostratigraphic studies on a sediment core from Lake Prespa in the Balkans

Tephrostratigraphic studies on a sediment core from Lake Prespa in the Balkans

Danube loess stratigraphy — Towards a pan-European loess stratigraphic model

Quantifying volcanic hazard at Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy) with uncertainty assessment: 1. Vent opening maps

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