The Candidate Photoperiod Gene MtFE Promotes Growth and Flowering in Medicago truncatula

Thomson, Geoffrey; Zhang, Lulu; Wen, Jiangqi; Mysore, Kirankumar S.; Putterill, Joanna

doi:10.3389/fpls.2021.634091

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Extensive research revealed that the flowering-related genes are largely conserved between Arabidopsis and legumes [ 42 , 44 , 45 , 49 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 ]. However, the legumes generally lack any FLC orthologs, except for soybean, a vernalization-independent species, which retained one FLC copy in its paleopolyploid genome [ 42 , 98 , 99 ].…”

Section: The Mechanism Of Cold–induced Flowering In Arabido...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Vernalization-Induced Flowering in Legumes

Surkova

Samsonova

2022

IJMS

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Vernalization is the requirement for exposure to low temperatures to trigger flowering. The best knowledge about the mechanisms of vernalization response has been accumulated for Arabidopsis and cereals. In Arabidopsis thaliana, vernalization involves an epigenetic silencing of the MADS-box gene FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), which is a flowering repressor. FLC silencing releases the expression of the main flowering inductor FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), resulting in a floral transition. Remarkably, no FLC homologues have been identified in the vernalization-responsive legumes, and the mechanisms of cold-mediated transition to flowering in these species remain elusive. Nevertheless, legume FT genes have been shown to retain the function of the main vernalization signal integrators. Unlike Arabidopsis, legumes have three subclades of FT genes, which demonstrate distinct patterns of regulation with respect to environmental cues and tissue specificity. This implies complex mechanisms of vernalization signal propagation in the flowering network, that remain largely elusive. Here, for the first time, we summarize the available information on the genetic basis of cold-induced flowering in legumes with a special focus on the role of FT genes.

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Section: The Mechanism Of Cold–induced Flowering In Arabido...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Vernalization-Induced Flowering in Legumes

Surkova

Samsonova

2022

IJMS

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“…Medicago has six FT -like genes, of which MtFTa1 responds to long exposure to cold (vernalization) and is rapidly up-regulated in leaves in response to the LD photoperiod [ 8 , 9 ]. Integrator genes that regulate photoperiodic flowering genes have been discovered in Medicago [ 10 , 11 , 12 ]; however, it is still not clear which component/s is/are key for translating light inputs into the circadian clock to provide photoperiod-specific regulation of flowering. In Pisum sativum (pea), orthologs of the clock genes ELF3, LUX, ELF4 all contribute to the repression of FT family gene expression and flowering under short days (SD) [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Point Mutation in Phytochromobilin synthase Alters the Circadian Clock and Photoperiodic Flowering of Medicago truncatula

Santangelo

Napier

Robson

et al. 2022

Plants

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Plants use seasonal cues to initiate flowering at an appropriate time of year to ensure optimal reproductive success. The circadian clock integrates these daily and seasonal cues with internal cues to initiate flowering. The molecular pathways that control the sensitivity of flowering to photoperiods (daylengths) are well described in the model plant Arabidopsis. However, much less is known for crop species, such as legumes. Here, we performed a flowering time screen of a TILLING population of Medicago truncatula and found a line with late-flowering and altered light-sensing phenotypes. Using RNA sequencing, we identified a nonsense mutation in the Phytochromobilin synthase (MtPΦBS) gene, which encodes an enzyme that carries out the final step in the biosynthesis of the chromophore required for phytochrome (phy) activity. The analysis of the circadian clock in the MtpΦbs mutant revealed a shorter circadian period, which was shared with the MtphyA mutant. The MtpΦbs and MtphyA mutants showed downregulation of the FT floral regulators MtFTa1 and MtFTb1/b2 and a change in phase for morning and night core clock genes. Our findings show that phyA is necessary to synchronize the circadian clock and integration of light signalling to precisely control the timing of flowering.

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“…Further research revealed that the CiFE‐CiFT complex binds to the citrus LEAFY ( CiLFY ) promoter and activates its expression. In Arabidopsis and Medicago truncatula , FE promotes flowering through the transcriptional activation of FT (Abe et al, 2015; Thomson et al, 2021). Thus, our results provide novel insights into the relationship between environmental stress factors and flowering through the regulation of CiNF‐YA1 in citrus plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drought and low temperature‐induced NF‐YA1 activates FT expression to promote citrus flowering

Zhou

Zeng

Liu

et al. 2022

Plant Cell & Environment

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Flower induction in adult citrus is mainly regulated by drought and low temperatures. However, the mechanism of FLOWERING LOCUS T regulation of citrus flowering (CiFT) under two flower‐inductive stimuli remains largely unclear. In this study, a citrus transcription factor, nuclear factor YA (CiNF‐YA1), was found to specifically bind to the CiFT promoter by forming a complex with CiNF‐YB2 and CiNF‐YC2 to activate CiFT expression. CiNF‐YA1 was induced in juvenile citrus by low temperature and drought treatments. Overexpression of CiNF‐YA1 increased drought susceptibility in transgenic citrus, whereas suppression of CiNF‐YA1 enhanced drought tolerance in silenced citrus plants. Furthermore, a GOLDEN2−LIKE protein (CiFE) that interacts with CiFT protein was also isolated. Further experimental evidence showed that CiFE binds to the citrus LEAFY (CiLFY) promoter and activates its expression. In addition, the expressions of CiNF‐YA1 and CiFE showed a seasonal increase during the floral induction period and were induced by artificial drought and low‐temperature treatments at which floral induction occurred. These results indicate that CiNF‐YA1 may activate CiFT expression in response to drought and low temperatures by binding to the CiFT promoter. CiFT then forms a complex with CiFE to activate CiLFY, thereby promoting the flowering of adult citrus.

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The Candidate Photoperiod Gene MtFE Promotes Growth and Flowering in Medicago truncatula

Cited by 11 publications

References 73 publications

Mechanisms of Vernalization-Induced Flowering in Legumes

Mechanisms of Vernalization-Induced Flowering in Legumes

A Point Mutation in Phytochromobilin synthase Alters the Circadian Clock and Photoperiodic Flowering of Medicago truncatula

Drought and low temperature‐induced NF‐YA1 activates FT expression to promote citrus flowering

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