The cardiac valve interstitial cell

Taylor, Patricia M.; Batten, Puspa; Brand, Nigel J.; Thomas, Penny S.; Yacoub, Magdi H.

doi:10.1016/s1357-2725(02)00100-0

Cited by 256 publications

(239 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…29 To elucidate pathogenic mechanisms of valve calcification, pathological and histochemical studies should be performed more extensively, but such studies are quite limited in HD. Kajbaf et al 30 reported that heart valves surgically removed from HD patients showed more enhanced inflammation characterized by macrophage infiltration compared with non-HD patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in associated factors between aortic and mitral valve calcification in hemodialysis

et al. 2010

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Increased prevalence of aortic and mitral valve calcification has been reported in patients on hemodialysis, but it remains unknown whether aortic and mitral valve calcification arise from similar pathogenesis. We detected heart valve calcification using two-dimensional echocardiography, and we related valve calcification to various clinical parameters in patients treated with hemodialysis three times a week for more than 1 year. In 112 patients (77 men and 35 women, age 67±10 years, duration on hemodialysis 95 ± 67 months), aortic and mitral valve calcification were observed in 84 (75.0%) and 58 (51.7%) patients, respectively. Aortic valve calcification was associated with increased age, higher serum calcium, lower serum albumin, lower total cholesterol and higher high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Multivariate analysis showed that increased age and higher serum calcium were independently associated with aortic valve calcification. Conversely, mitral valve calcification was associated with increased age, higher high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and higher serum b 2 -microglobulin, but not with higher serum calcium. In multivariate analysis, increased age and higher serum b 2 -microglobulin were independently associated with mitral valve calcification. Serum b 2 -microglobulin was associated with longer duration on hemodialysis, malnutrition inflammation (lower serum albumin and higher high-sensitivity C-reactive protein) and dyslipidemia. Considering the results in previous studies showing that the distribution of b 2 -microglobulin amyloid deposition was consistent with that of tissue calcification in patients on hemodialysis, b 2 -microglobulin may have pathogenic roles in valve calcification.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in associated factors between aortic and mitral valve calcification in hemodialysis

et al. 2010

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“…[3][4][5] They are situated underneath the surface endocardium 1 and embedded in an extracellular matrix (ECM) that they secrete and actively remodel. 5 VICs are the master cells within the valve because they regulate both physiological and pathological processes. 2,6 In their quiescent state, VICs show characteristics of fibroblasts and are critical for the maintenance of normal valve structure and function.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…2,6 In their quiescent state, VICs show characteristics of fibroblasts and are critical for the maintenance of normal valve structure and function. 2,5 During development or in response to injury and disturbed hemodynamic flow, VICs become activated 2,6,7 and take on features of myofibroblasts. 2,[5][6][7] Activated VICs are characterized by increased ␣-smooth muscle actin (␣-SMA) expression, stress fiber formation, contractility, and proteolytic enzyme secretion.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,5 During development or in response to injury and disturbed hemodynamic flow, VICs become activated 2,6,7 and take on features of myofibroblasts. 2,[5][6][7] Activated VICs are characterized by increased ␣-smooth muscle actin (␣-SMA) expression, stress fiber formation, contractility, and proteolytic enzyme secretion. 2,4,6 -8 Like other myofibroblasts, 9 VICs regulate wound repair, as demonstrated by the increased number and enhanced production of ECM components, both in diseased valves and in in vitro wound models.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Transforming Growth Factor-β Regulates the Growth of Valve Interstitial Cells in Vitro

Gotlieb

2011

The American Journal of Pathology

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Although valve interstitial cell (VIC) growth is an essential feature of injured and diseased valves, the regulation of VIC growth is poorly understood. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-␤ promotes VIC proliferation in early-stage wound repair; thus, herein, we tested the hypothesis that TGF-␤ regulates VIC proliferation under normal nonwound conditions using low-density porcine VIC monolayers. Cell numbers were counted during a 10-day period, whereas proliferation and apoptosis were quantified by bromodeoxyuridine staining and TUNEL, respectively. The extent of retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation and expression of cyclin D1, CDK 4, and p27 were compared using Western blot analysis. Adhesion was quantified using a trypsin adhesion assay, and morphological change was demonstrated by immunofluorescence localization of ␣-smooth muscle actin and vinculin. TGF-␤-treated VICs were rhomboid; significantly decreased in number, proliferation, and retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation; and concomitantly had decreased expression of cyclin D1/CDK4 and increased expression of p27. TGF-␤-treated VICs adhered better to substratum and had more vinculin plaques and ␣-smooth muscle actin stress fibers than did controls. Thus, the regulation of VIC growth by TGF-␤ is context dependent. TGF-␤ prevents excessive heart valve growth under normal physiological conditions while it promotes cell proliferation in the early stages of repair, when increased VICs are required.

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Heart Valve Tissue Engineering

Veselý

2006

Wiley Encyclopedia of Biomedical Engineering

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Valvular heart disease is a slow, debilitating process during which the cardiac valves become stenosed or incompetent and cease to aid in the delivery of blood. Unless the diseased valve is repaired, or replaced with a bioprosthetic or mechanical artificial valve, the patient eventually dies from cardiopulmonary failure. Implanting artificial heart valves involves cutting the chest open, placing the patient on cardiopulmonary bypass, and sewing the prosthetic valve into the aorta. Although the mitral valve also becomes diseased, repair of the mitral valve is now much more common than replacement.

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The cardiac valve interstitial cell

Cited by 256 publications

References 10 publications

Differences in associated factors between aortic and mitral valve calcification in hemodialysis

Differences in associated factors between aortic and mitral valve calcification in hemodialysis

Transforming Growth Factor-β Regulates the Growth of Valve Interstitial Cells in Vitro

Heart Valve Tissue Engineering

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