The CAT-CAM socket and quadrilateral socket

Gailey, Robert; Lawrence, David A.; Burditt, Cheryl Ann; Spyropoulos, Panagiotis; Newell, Charles K.; Nash, Mark S.

doi:10.3109/03093649309164363

Cited by 43 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…A comparison between QUAD and ICS sockets in terms of energy consumption was made by Flandry et al [20], reporting a lower energy expenditure (-56%) in the latter configuration. In addition, Gailey et al [21] showed a 20% lower energy expenditure when using the CAT-CAM socket, with respect to the QUAD one.…”

Section: A Biomechanical Parameters In Lower Limb Amputeesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Sockets for Limb Prostheses: A Review of Existing Technologies and Open Challenges

Paternò

Ibrahimi

Gruppioni

et al. 2018

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.

196

204

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In the prosthetics field, one of the most important bottlenecks is still the human-machine interface, namely the socket. Indeed, a large number of amputees still rejects prostheses or points out a low satisfaction level, due to a sub-optimal interaction between the socket and the residual limb tissues. The aim of this paper is to describe the main parameters (displacements, stress, volume fluctuations and temperature) affecting the stump-socket interface and reducing the comfort/stability of limb prostheses. In this review, a classification of the different socket types proposed in the literature is reported, together with an analysis of advantages and disadvantages of the different solutions, from multiple viewpoints. The paper then describes the technological solutions available to face an altered distribution of stresses on the residual limb tissues, volume fluctuations affecting the stump overtime and temperature variations affecting the residual tissues within the socket. The open challenges in this research field are highlighted and the possible future routes are discussed, towards the ambitious objective of achieving an advanced socket able to self-adapt in real-time to the complex interplay of factors affecting the stump, during both static and dynamic tasks.

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Section: A Biomechanical Parameters In Lower Limb Amputeesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Sockets for Limb Prostheses: A Review of Existing Technologies and Open Challenges

Paternò

Ibrahimi

Gruppioni

et al. 2018

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.

196

204

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…1,2 The quantification of metabolic energy cost, as an evaluation of the overall efficiency of gait, has been widely used to compare prosthetic elements. [3][4][5][6] However, the reference method of quantification, oxygen consumption, implies the measurement of exhaled gas and cannot always be easily integrated into conventional gait analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical work performed by individual limbs of transfemoral amputees during step-to-step transitions: Effect of walking velocity

Bonnet

Villa

Fodé

et al. 2013

Proc Inst Mech Eng H

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The greater metabolic demand during the gait of people with a transfemoral amputation limits their autonomy and walking velocity. Major modifications of the kinematic and kinetic patterns of transfemoral amputee gait quantified using gait analysis may explain their greater energy cost. Donelan et al. proposed a method called the individual limb method to explore the relationships between the gait biomechanics and metabolic cost. In the present study, we applied this method to quantify mechanical work performed by the affected and intact limbs of transfemoral amputees. We compared a cohort of six active unilateral transfemoral amputees to a control group of six asymptomatic subjects. Compared to the control group, we found that there was significantly less mechanical work produced by the affected leg and significantly more work performed by the unaffected leg during the step-to-step transition. We also found that this mechanical work increased with walking velocity; the increase was less pronounced for the affected leg and substantial for the unaffected leg. Finally, we observed that the lesser work produced by the affected leg was linked to the increase in the hip flexion moment during the late stance phase, which is necessary for initiating knee flexion in the affected leg. It is possible to quantify the mechanical work performed during gait by people with a transfemoral amputation, using the individual limb method and conventional gait laboratory equipment. The method provides information that is useful for prosthetic fitting and rehabilitation.

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“…31 Comparative study of transfemoral sockets has drawn less attention from researchers than transtibial sockets. Compared to the Quad-S, the ICS results in a lower energy cost of walking, 42 increased walking speed and stride length, 43 more even interface pressure distribution, 44 improved comfort, 45 and less restriction of hip motion. 46 Sub-ischial sockets appear to be comparable to ICS in coronal plane stability and vertical movement, but with lower peak pressure at the proximal-medial brim during gait.…”

Section: Clinical Effectiveness Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower limb prosthetic interfaces

Safari

2020

Prosthetics &Amp; Orthotics International

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The human–prosthesis interface is one of the most complicated challenges facing the field of prosthetics, despite substantive investments in research and development by researchers and clinicians around the world. The journal of the International Society for Prosthetics and Orthotics, Prosthetics and Orthotics International, has contributed substantively to the growing body of knowledge on this topic. In celebrating the 50th anniversary of the International Society for Prosthetics and Orthotics, this narrative review aims to explore how human–prosthesis interfaces have changed over the last five decades; how research has contributed to an understanding of interface mechanics; how clinical practice has been informed as a result; and what might be potential future directions. Studies reporting on comparison, design, manufacturing and evaluation of lower limb prosthetic sockets, and osseointegration were considered. This review demonstrates that, over the last 50 years, clinical research has improved our understanding of socket designs and their effects; however, high-quality research is still needed. In particular, there have been advances in the development of volume and thermal control mechanisms with a few designs having the potential for clinical application. Similarly, advances in sensing technology, soft tissue quantification techniques, computing technology, and additive manufacturing are moving towards enabling automated, data-driven manufacturing of sockets. In people who are unable to use a prosthetic socket, osseointegration provides a functional solution not available 50 years ago. Furthermore, osseointegration has the potential to facilitate neuromuscular integration. Despite these advances, further improvement in mechanical features of implants, and infection control and prevention are needed.

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The CAT-CAM socket and quadrilateral socket

Cited by 43 publications

References 3 publications

Sockets for Limb Prostheses: A Review of Existing Technologies and Open Challenges

Sockets for Limb Prostheses: A Review of Existing Technologies and Open Challenges

Mechanical work performed by individual limbs of transfemoral amputees during step-to-step transitions: Effect of walking velocity

Lower limb prosthetic interfaces

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