The Causal Relationship Between Infant Mortality and Fertility Rate in Ghana: Econometric and Time Series Analysis

The Role of Socio-economic and Female Indicators on Child Mortality Rate in Bangladesh: A Time Series Analysis

“…However, his study considered only two variables and other related factors were ignored. Many experimental studies, like those of Zakaria et al (2020), Mandal and Chouhan (2020), Kousar et al (2020), Ahmed and Muftawu (2018), Soest and Saha (2018), Nilima et al (2018), among others, have considered the essential socio-economic and female indicators of child mortality. For instance, Zakaria et al (2020) conducted a study on the socioeconomic, macroeconomic, demographic, and environmental variables as determinants of child mortality in South Asia, where they found that the per capita income, immunization, urbanization, trade openness and high life expectancy reduced, while high fertility rate increased child mortality during the period of 1973 -2015.…”

“…Moreover, they did not consider the female key indicators as determinants of child mortality. Ahmed and Muftawu (2018) obtained the positive long-run relationship and unidirectional causality between infant and childhood mortality and fertility rates of women in Ghana from the time series data of 1960 -2016. Raganathan et al (2015) conducted a study on child mortality, fertility and economic growth.…”

“…(2020), Mandal and Chouhan (2020), Kousar et al. (2020), Ahmed and Muftawu (2018), Soest and Saha (2018), Nilima et al. (2018), among others, have considered the essential socio-economic and female indicators of child mortality.…”