The Cell-Mediated Immune Response against Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) Infection and Vaccination

Abstract

Bovine Alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) is one of the major respiratory pathogens in cattle worldwide. Infection often leads to a compromised host immune response that contributes to the development of the polymicrobial disease known as “bovine respiratory disease”. After an initial transient phase of immunosuppression, cattle recover from the disease. This is due to the development of both innate and adaptive immune responses. With respect to adaptive immunity, both humoral and cell-mediated immunity are required to control infection. Thus, several BoHV-1 vaccines are designed to trigger both branches of the adaptive immune system. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on cell-mediated immune responses directed against BoHV-1 infection and vaccination.

Development and evaluation of a time-resolved fluorescence labelled immunochromatographic strip assay for rapid and quantitative detection of bovine herpesvirus 1

“…Pathogen diagnosis is the first step in the control and prevention of infectious diseases in beef and dairy farms. Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis mainly caused by BoHV-1 is a highly contagious disease, resulting in significant economic losses to the farms ( Righi et al, 2023 ). As BoHV-1 can become latent within 1–6 d after primary infection, rapid, sensitive, and specific diagnostic techniques are needed for the prevention, control, and eradication of BoHV-1 infections ( Zhao J. et al, 2020 ; Ostler and Jones, 2023 ).…”

Assessment of BoAHV-1 Seronegative Latent Carrier by the Administration of Two Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Live Marker Vaccines in Calves

“…The data obtained in this study did not support the hypothesis of the study concerning the use of the modified-live gE-deleted marker vaccine (single-deletion); however, for the first time, the results supported the research hypothesis that SNLC calves were generated after the administration of a gE-/tk-deleted IBR live marker vaccine in calves with passive immunity. To date, this phenomenon is unknown and is probably due to the activation of different cytokines that inhibit the humoral immune response [ 2 ].…”

“…This etiological agent is associated with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) disease and several clinical syndromes, including infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (IPV) and infectious balanoposthitis (IBP). In addition, the virus has been implicated in several afflictions, such as conjunctivitis, encephalitis, endometritis, infertility, abortions, and enteritis [ 2 ]. BoAHV-1 is causing significant economic loss all over the world.…”

Genomic Characterization of a Wild-Type Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoAHV-1) Strain Isolated in an Outbreak in Central Italy

“…Bovine alphaherpesvirus-1 (BoAHV-1) is a member of the Herpesviridae family, subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae , and genus Varicellovirus [ 1 ] which causes different clinical syndromes in cattle and is referred to as infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR). Additionally, it leads to reproductive disorders, including abortion and infertility [ 2 , 3 ]. BoAHV-1 infection causes severe economic losses in the livestock industry worldwide.…”