The Cellular Immune Response to Rabies Vaccination: A Systematic Review

Overduin, Lisanne A.; Dongen, Jacques J.M. van; Visser, Leonardus G

doi:10.3390/vaccines7030110

Cited by 31 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…Following vaccination against influenza or TBE, we observed a robust expansion of DN B cells between day-4 and day-14, maximal at day-7. The increased fraction of DN B cells was accompanied by an expansion of plasmablasts at day-7 which is in line with the literature (50,51). Although detailed information is not available, a recent study also described the induction of DN B cells after vaccination with influenza virus (52).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Specific induction of double negative B cells during protective and pathogenic immune responses

Ruschil

Gabernet

Lepennetier

et al. 2020

Preprint

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1AbstractDouble negative (DN) (CD19+CD20lowCD27−IgD−) B cells are expanded in patients with autoimmune and infectious diseases; however their role in the humoral immune response remains unclear. Using systematic flow cytometric analyses of peripheral blood B cell subsets, we observed an inflated DN B cell population in patients with variety of active inflammatory conditions: myasthenia gravis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, meningitis/encephalitis, and rheumatic disorders. Furthermore, we were able to induce DN B cells in healthy subjects following vaccination against influenza and tick borne encephalitis virus. Transcriptome analysis revealed a gene expression profile in DN B cells that clustered with naïve B cells, memory B cells, and plasmablasts. Immunoglobulin VH transcriptome sequencing and analysis of recombinant antibodies revealed clonal expansion of DN B cells, that were targeted against the vaccine antigen. Our study suggests that DN B cells are expanded in multiple inflammatory neurologic diseases and represent an inducible B cell population that responds to antigenic stimulation, possibly through an extra-follicular maturation pathway.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Specific induction of double negative B cells during protective and pathogenic immune responses

Ruschil

Gabernet

Lepennetier

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Based on current data, the VNAs produced following rabies vaccines will likely not be protective against LBV infection. However, it has been suggested that several other components of the immune response (that is currently not completely understood or characterized) may play an important role in protection in addition to VNAs [ 69 ]. No human LBV cases have been reported to date; however, there is a potential spillover risk, since several human exposures have been associated with animals infected with LBV.…”

Section: Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lagos Bat Virus, an Under-Reported Rabies-Related Lyssavirus

Coertse

Geldenhuys

Roux³

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Lagos bat virus (LBV), one of the 17 accepted viral species of the Lyssavirus genus, was the first rabies-related virus described in 1956. This virus is endemic to the African continent and is rarely encountered. There are currently four lineages, although the observed genetic diversity exceeds existing lyssavirus species demarcation criteria. Several exposures to rabid bats infected with LBV have been reported; however, no known human cases have been reported to date. This review provides the history of LBV and summarizes previous knowledge as well as new detections. Genetic diversity, pathogenesis and prevention are re-evaluated and discussed.

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“…Their efficacy has been demonstrated in a variety of wild carnivore reservoir species [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. Conventionally, the effectiveness of rabies vaccines in wildlife target species is determined by serological testing [ 24 ], e.g., the detection of rabies virus neutralizing (VNA) or binding antibodies as a surrogate for humoral immune response and hence, adequate B-cell response [ 25 ]. Apart from that, independent of the humoral response, survival after the challenge is another criteria for licensing [ 26 , 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparable Long-Term Rabies Immunity in Foxes after IntraMuscular and Oral Application Using a Third-Generation Oral Rabies Virus Vaccine

et al. 2021

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The live genetically-engineered oral rabies virus (RABV) variant SPBN GASGAS induces long-lasting immunity in foxes and protection against challenge with an otherwise lethal dose of RABV field strains both after experimental oral and parenteral routes of administration. Induction of RABV-specific binding antibodies and immunoglobulin isotypes (IgM, total IgG, IgG1, IgG2) were comparable in orally and parenterally vaccinated foxes. Differences were only observed in the induction of virus-neutralizing (VNA) titers, which were significantly higher in the parenterally vaccinated group. The dynamics of rabies-specific antibodies pre- and post-challenge (365 days post vaccination) suggest the predominance of type-1 immunity protection of SPBN GASGAS. Independent of the route of administration, in the absence of IgG1 the immune response to SPBN GAGAS was mainly IgG2 driven. Interestingly, vaccination with SPBN GASGAS does not cause significant differences in inducible IFN-γ production in vaccinated animals, indicating a relatively weak cellular immune response during challenge. Notably, the parenteral application of SPBN GASGAS did not induce any adverse side effects in foxes, thus supporting safety studies of this oral rabies vaccine in various species.

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The Cellular Immune Response to Rabies Vaccination: A Systematic Review

Cited by 31 publications

References 28 publications

Specific induction of double negative B cells during protective and pathogenic immune responses

Specific induction of double negative B cells during protective and pathogenic immune responses

Lagos Bat Virus, an Under-Reported Rabies-Related Lyssavirus

Comparable Long-Term Rabies Immunity in Foxes after IntraMuscular and Oral Application Using a Third-Generation Oral Rabies Virus Vaccine

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