The Central Mongolia Seismic Experiment: Multiple Applications of Temporary Broadband Seismic Arrays

Meltzer, A.; Stachnik, J. C.; Дэмбэрэл, С.; Munkhuu, Ulziibat; Tsagaan, B.; Мунгунсурен, Д.; Russo, R. M.

doi:10.1785/0220180360

Cited by 28 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…This is also shown by the faulted Neogene sediments mapped by Mosionzd et al (1988); (Figure 7C). The diffusivity, slow rates and long recurrence intervals observed along the VGL faults are in line with observations from Walker et al (2007) and Walker et al (2008) of faults in the Hangay, and they indicate intraplate strain partitioning across a larger area than previously envisaged (see also Meltzer et al, 2019). The N-S decreasing velocity gradient observed by Calais et al (2003) indicates a clear decrease in the fault-parallel east velocity component north of the Gobi Altai between longitudes 96°and 104°E.…”

Section: Discussion Tectonic Settingsupporting

confidence: 87%

Geomorphological Evidence of Active Faulting in Low Seismicity Regions—Examples From the Valley of Gobi Lakes, Southern Mongolia

et al. 2021

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Active intraplate deformation as a far-field effect of the India-Eurasia convergence has led to four Mw∼8 earthquakes in western and southern Mongolia in the past century. Palaeoseismological and morphotectonic studies have shown that these earthquakes are characteristic events along transpressive fault systems with cumulative offsets. The tectonically active Gobi Altai and Hangay mountains are separated by the seismically quiescent Valley of Gobi Lakes, which consists of major perennial rivers draining into endorheic lakes. Despite the scarcity of recorded earthquakes, Quaternary deposits in the Valley of Gobi Lakes are crosscut by multiple fault scarps with significant, landscape-altering displacements. To assess past earthquakes and the potential seismic hazard of this area, we apply remote sensing, tectono-morphometric techniques and cosmogenic nuclide dating to estimate the amount of deformation the faults in the Valley of Gobi Lakes are accommodating, and to determine the effect of these faults on local landscape evolution. The Tuyn Gol (gol = Mongolian for river) is crosscut by four E-W to NE-SW trending fault scarps that display variable fault kinematics due to scarp orientation differences relative to a stable NE-SW principle stress direction. Mapping of the >40–90 km long Valley of Gobi Lake faults shows that they can accommodate M ∼ 7 earthquakes. Offset measurements of the Tuyn Gol deposits allow Middle Pleistocene to modern vertical slip rate estimates and M ∼ 7 earthquake recurrence intervals of 0.012 ± 0.007–0.13 ± 0.07 mm/yr and 5.24 ± 2.61–81.57 ± 46.05 kyr, respectively. Cumulative vertical displacement amounts to 0.27 ± 0.08 mm/yr, which is similar to that of major tectonic structures such as the Bogd fault in the Gobi Altai. This implies that the total active deformation accommodated by southern Mongolian faults may be larger than previously expected and distributed across more faults between the Hangay and the (Gobi) Altai mountain ranges. Geomorphological observations and surface exposure dating indicate that the Tuyn Gol drainage system developed over four to five 100 kyr climate cycles, during which active deformation played an important role in drainage reorganization. Our results demonstrate the dominant role of tectonics on local landscape dynamics, indicating the importance of studying regional geomorphology to adequately estimate the earthquake potential of faults that were considered inactive.

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Section: Discussion Tectonic Settingsupporting

confidence: 87%

Geomorphological Evidence of Active Faulting in Low Seismicity Regions—Examples From the Valley of Gobi Lakes, Southern Mongolia

et al. 2021

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“…Bold line is section shown in (c). (b) Map of geophysical data collected across Mongolia showing locations of magnetotelluric measurements (MT, red; Käufl et al., 2020) and seismic measurements (blue; Meltzer et al., 2019). Dashed yellow line denotes the −250 mGal Bouguer anomaly (Tiberi et al., 2008).…”

Section: Regional Background: Central Mongoliamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There exists a rich set of modern geological, geochemical, and geophysical measurements in this region—including: geomorphological studies (e.g., McDannell et al., 2018); thermobarometry and petrological studies from surface lavas and xenoliths (e.g., Ancuta et al., 2018; Barry et al., 2003; Hunt et al., 2012; Ionov, 2002; Sheldrick, Barry, Dash, et al., 2020); a local seismic array (Meltzer et al., 2019; Welkey et al., 2018); gravity data (e.g., Tiberi et al., 2008); a high‐resolution magnetotelluric survey (Comeau et al., 2018; Käufl et al., 2020); and others (e.g., magnetics, etc. )—that can help provide information on the material properties and structure of the subsurface, and thus are critical to help guide geodynamic modeling.…”

Section: Regional Background: Central Mongoliamentioning

confidence: 99%

Geodynamic Modeling of Lithospheric Removal and Surface Deformation: Application to Intraplate Uplift in Central Mongolia

et al. 2021

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Conditions for lithospheric removal-induced surface deformation are investigated and applied to intraplate uplift in central Mongolia • A weak and dense lower crust (modeled with a phase transition to eclogite) and convergent motion are required for removal by delamination • Model outputs -topography, lithospheric structure, timing -match data from Mongolia, suggesting a physically plausible mechanism Accepted ArticleThis article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as

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“…[18][19][20]. In contrast, the deformation appears more distributed in the Hangay dome 21 , a region where faults are sometimes only evidenced by the seismic activity [22][23] .…”

Section: Introduction -Seismotectonic Settingmentioning

confidence: 98%

25,000 Years Long Seismic Cycle in a Slow Deforming Continental Region of Mongolia

Bollinger

Klinger

Forman

et al. 2021

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The spatial distribution of large earthquakes in Slowly Deforming Continental Regions (SDCR) is poorly documented and, thus, has often been deemed to be random. Unlike in high strain regions, where seismic activity concentrates cyclically along major active faults, earthquakes in SDCR may seem to occur more erratically in space and time. This questions classical fault behavior models, posing paramount issues for seismic hazard assessment. Here, we investigate the M7, 1967, Mogod earthquake in Mongolia, a region recognized as a SDCR. Despite the absence of visible cumulative deformation at the ground surface, we found evidence for at least 3 surface rupturing earthquakes during the last 50,000 years, associated to a slip-rate of 0,06 ± 0,01 mm/yr. These results show that in SDCR, like in faster deforming regions, deformation localizes on specific structures. However, the excessive length of return time for large earthquakes along these structures makes it more difficult to recognize earthquake series, and could conversely lead to the misconception that in SDCR earthquakes would be randomly located. Thus, our result emphasizes the need for systematic appraisal of the potential seismogenic structures in SDCR in order to lower the uncertainties associated with the seismogenic sources in seismic hazard models.

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The Central Mongolia Seismic Experiment: Multiple Applications of Temporary Broadband Seismic Arrays

Cited by 28 publications

References 89 publications

Geomorphological Evidence of Active Faulting in Low Seismicity Regions—Examples From the Valley of Gobi Lakes, Southern Mongolia

Geomorphological Evidence of Active Faulting in Low Seismicity Regions—Examples From the Valley of Gobi Lakes, Southern Mongolia

Geodynamic Modeling of Lithospheric Removal and Surface Deformation: Application to Intraplate Uplift in Central Mongolia

25,000 Years Long Seismic Cycle in a Slow Deforming Continental Region of Mongolia

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