The Centriole-Centrosome Complex is Affected by Microgravity During Cell Division and in Cilia of Sea Urchin Embryos: Results from Space Flight Experiments

Schatten, Heide; Taylor, Meghan; Crosser, Michael S.; Mitchell, Kirk

doi:10.1017/s1431927600025782

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 2 publications

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“…In sea urchins, effects on the mineralization under exposure to Microgravity have been described, although it is not yet clear if they are direct or indirect (Marthy et al, 1998). Effects on mitochondria and cilia in sea urchin embryos have also been reported (Schatten et al, 1998).…”

Section: A) Effects On Animal Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drosophila melanogaster and the Future of ‘Evo-Devo’ Biology in Space. Challenges and Problems in the Path of an Eventual Colonization Project Outside the Earth

Marco

Husson

Herranz

et al. 2003

Developmental Biology Research in Space

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Space exploration, especially its future phase involving the International Space Station (ISS) makes possible the study of the effects on living systems of long-term expositions to such a strange environment. This phase is being initiated when Biological Sciences are crossing a no-return line into a new territory where the connection between phenotype and genotype may be finally made. We briefly review the paradoxical results obtained in Space experiments performed during the last third of the XX Century. They reveal that simple unicellular systems sense the absence of gravity changing their cytoskeletal organization and the signal transduction pathways, while animal development proceeds unaltered in these conditions, in spite of the fact that these processes are heavily involved in embryogenesis. Longer-term experiments possible in the ISS may solve this apparent contradiction. On the other hand, the current constraints on the scientific use of the ISS makes necessary the development of new hardware and the modification of current techniques to start taking advantage of this extraordinary technological facility. We discuss our advances in this direction using one of the current key biological model systems, Drosophila melanogaster. In addition, the future phase of Space exploration, possibly leading to the exploration and, may be, the colonization of another planet, will provide the means of performing interesting evolutionary experiments, studying how the terrestrial biological systems will change in their long-term adaptation to new, very different environments. In this way, Biological Research in Space may contribute to the advancement of the new Biology, in particular to the branch known as "Evo-Devo". On the other hand, as much as the Space Adventure will continue involving human beings as the main actors in the play, long-term multi-generation experiments using a fast reproducing species, such as Drosophila melanogaster, capable of producing more than 300 generations in 15 years, the useful life foreseen for ISS, will be important. Among other useful information, they will help in detecting the possible changes that a biological species may undergo in such an environment, preventing the uncontrolled occurrence of irreversible deleterious effects with catastrophic consequences on the living beings participating in this endeavour.

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Section: A) Effects On Animal Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drosophila melanogaster and the Future of ‘Evo-Devo’ Biology in Space. Challenges and Problems in the Path of an Eventual Colonization Project Outside the Earth

Marco

Husson

Herranz

et al. 2003

Developmental Biology Research in Space

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EFFECTS OF SPACEFLIGHT CONDITIONS ON FERTILIZATION AND EMBRYOGENESIS IN THE SEA URCHIN LYTECHINUS PICTUS

Schatten

Taylor

Sommer

et al. 1999

Cell Biology International

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Calcium loss and muscle atrophy are two of the main metabolic changes experienced by astronauts and crew members during exposure to microgravity in space. Calcium and cytoskeletal events were investigated within sea urchin embryos which were cultured in space under both microgravity and 1 g conditions. Embryos were fixed at time-points ranging from 3 h to 8 days after fertilization. Investigative emphasis was placed upon: (1) sperm-induced calcium-dependent exocytosis and cortical granule secretion, (2) membrane fusion of cortical granule and plasma membranes; (3) microfilament polymerization and microvilli elongation; and (5) embryonic development into morula, blastula, gastrula, and pluteus stages. For embryos cultured under microgravity conditions, the processes of cortical granule discharge, fusion of cortical granule membranes with the plasma membrane, elongation of microvilli and elevation of the fertilization coat were reduced in comparison with embryos cultured at 1 g in space and under normal conditions on Earth. Also, 4% of all cells undergoing division in microgravity showed abnormalities in the centrosome-centriole complex. These abnormalities were not observed within the 1 g flight and ground control specimens, indicating that significant alterations in sea urchin development processes occur under microgravity conditions.

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Chapter 1: Biological Research in Space

Souza¹,

Ilyin²,

Sychev³

et al. 2009

Space Biology and Medicine – Volume V, U.S. And Russian Cooperation in Space Biology and Medicine

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The Centriole-Centrosome Complex is Affected by Microgravity During Cell Division and in Cilia of Sea Urchin Embryos: Results from Space Flight Experiments

Cited by 3 publications

References 2 publications

Drosophila melanogaster and the Future of ‘Evo-Devo’ Biology in Space. Challenges and Problems in the Path of an Eventual Colonization Project Outside the Earth

Drosophila melanogaster and the Future of ‘Evo-Devo’ Biology in Space. Challenges and Problems in the Path of an Eventual Colonization Project Outside the Earth

EFFECTS OF SPACEFLIGHT CONDITIONS ON FERTILIZATION AND EMBRYOGENESIS IN THE SEA URCHIN LYTECHINUS PICTUS

Chapter 1: Biological Research in Space

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