The Cerebrospinal Fluid

Davson, Hugh

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-7157-5_3

Cited by 70 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…The effect of the composition of CSF on vasoactivity of cerebral vessels has already been studied extensively (Betz, 1976), and it is widely recognized that reactivity of vessels to a particular substance can be affected by other substances in the artificial CSF. We prepared our artificial CSF based on a study by Davson (1967). This CSF was equilibrated with 6% CO2, We strove to achieve a P02 of 70-80 mm Hg in the CSF based on studies by Duling et al (1979) and Ivanov et al (1982), who reported the perivascular oxygen tension of cat pial arterioles in this range.…”

Section: Methodologic Consideration Of the Cranial Window Technique Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactivity of Rat Pial Arterioles and Venules to Adenosine and Carbon Dioxide: With Detailed Description of the Closed Cranial Window Technique in Rats

Morii

1986

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

192

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This study describes a closed cranial window technique that allows the observation and measurement of rat pial arterioles and venules in situ. The resolving power of this system is 1–2 μm. Using this sensitive technique, we characterized the responses to 7% carbon dioxide inhalation and adenosine in arterioles (10–70 μm) and venules (15–100 μm). During carbon dioxide inhalation, larger arterioles (>40μm) dilated more than smaller arterioles (<20 μm). There was limited vasoreac-tivity of pial venules during CO2 inhalation. Dilation of arterioles was initially observed with an adenosine concentration of 10−8 M. Almost a twofold increase in diameter was noted at 10−3 M. In contrast to the effect of CO2 inhalation, the degree of dilation with topical application of adenosine was not size dependent. Pial venules did not respond to adenosine. The technique for observation of pial vessels using the closed cranial window and for measurement of vessel diameter by video camera system microscopy is a powerful tool for studying in vivo the cerebral circulation in the rat.

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Section: Methodologic Consideration Of the Cranial Window Technique Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactivity of Rat Pial Arterioles and Venules to Adenosine and Carbon Dioxide: With Detailed Description of the Closed Cranial Window Technique in Rats

Morii

1986

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

192

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“…are still only poorly understood (Davson, 1967). The striking vascularity of the pial surface and the known absorption of adrenaline (Feldberg, 1963) and procaine (Cohen, 1968) from the subarachnoid space support the contention that the blood supply to the brainstem plays an important part in the transport of substances from c.s.f.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory responses to chemical pulses in the cerebrospinal fluid of cats

Borison

Haranath

McCarthy

1972

British J Pharmacology

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Summary1. In cats anaesthetized with pentobarbitone, the fluid spaces in and around the brain stem were perfused from the third ventricle to the foramen magnum with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (c.s.f.) flowing usually at the rate of 5 ml/ minute. Test solutions were substituted for the artificial c.s.f. without switching artifact for periods varying from 5 to 60 seconds. Observations were made on respiratory excursions, end-expiratory % CO2 and arterial blood pressure. 2. Perfusion with sucrose solution equiosmolar with the c.s.f. produced no respiratory or cardiovascular response. Replacement of sodium with potassium (60 to 133 mM) resulted in a prompt but mild respiratory stimulation and a delayed fall in blood pressure associated with a slowing of the heart beat. Replacement of sodium with magnesium (40 to 131 mM) resulted in a late prolonged apneustic depression of breathing and in an early but slight reduction in blood pressure. 3. Procaine (1 to 50 mg/ml) elicited a respiratory response similar to that of excess magnesium; however, an initial rise in blood pressure to as high as 200 mmHg was evoked with procaine. Nicotine (0 05 to 0 5 mg/ml) produced an immediate brief bradypnea followed by a vigorous and slowly reversing hyperpnea accompanied most often by a fall in blood pressure. Tachyphylaxis was observed in the response to nicotine. Noradrenaline (0-001 and 0I mg/ml) did not produce any effect, and it did not alter the responses elicited by procaine and nicotine given by perfusion either simultaneous with or subsequent to the noradrenaline. Acetylcholine (0 5 mg/ml) produced weak transient respiratory stimulation and a small fluctuation in blood pressure which disappeared in repeated tests. Methacholine (1 mg/ml) caused a brief hyperpnea and a fall in blood pressure both of which were abolished after atropine (0-2 mg) was injected into the third ventricle. Pilocarpine (10 mg/ml) elicited no change in respiration or blood pressure. Respiratory and cardiovascular effects produced by strychnine (1 mg/ml) were attributable nonspecifically to convulsive movements of the animal. Ethamivan (1 mg/ml) produced a single deep breath and a slowly reversing rise in blood pressure. Cyanide (0 5 mg/ml) barely stimulated the respiration but it produced a long lasting rise in blood pressure. Ethyl alcohol (0-1 ml/ml) elicited brisk though brief respiratory stimulation and a short lasting fall in blood pressure. 4. It was shown that the effects of procaine and nicotine were not qualitatively altered when the perfusion effluent was collected through a ventral craniotomy instead of the cisterna magna.

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“…Choroid plexuses are the main site of CSF production (Dandy, 1919;Dandy and Blackfan, 1914;Davson, 1967;Davson et al, 1987;de Rougemont et al, 1960;Johanson et al, 2008;Masserman, 1934;Milhorat, 1987;Netsky and Shuangshoti, 1970;Rubin et al, 1966;Spector and Johanson, 1989;Welch, 1963;Welch, 1975), and other extrachoroidal sources also participate in maintaining the balance (Milhorat, 1987). According to Pollay and Curl (1967), another source of CSF is the ependyma lining the ventricles (Pollay and Curl, 1967).…”

Section: The Site and The Way Of Cerebrospinal Fluid Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is generally accepted that CSF flows/circulates unidirectional from the brain ventricles to the subarachnoid space with the exchange of various substances (more or less manifested) between the CSF and interstitial compartments (Davson, 1967;Davson et al, 1987;Johanson et al, 2008;Plum and Siesjö, 1975). There is a belief that arachnoid villi of the dural venous sinuses are primarily responsible for the drainage of CSF from the subarachnoid space to the cranial venous blood (Figs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%